Showing results by author "Ryan Webb" in All Categories

Globalization is bringing international populations into ever-greater contact. Media and the Internet is reaching across nations and continents like never before. While many cultures welcome diffusion and are interested in different ideas and values, this is not always the case. People are wary of those unlike themselves and some cultures feel threatened by the West, the major force behind market capitalism. Specifically, many in the Muslim world feel their religion and customs are incompatible with western culture. This conflict is not unique to the modern era, but is a resurgence of an ...

Before becoming president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela spent twenty-seven years in prison. Reflecting on this crucible, he stated, “The cell is an ideal place to know yourself. People tend to measure themselves by external accomplishments, but jail allows a person to focus on internal ones.” A crucible is “a transformative experience through which an individual comes to a new or an altered sense of identity.” For me, the crucible of naval flight training expanded my understanding of organizational leadership. In addition to learning the importance of the operations process, the ...

Through a study of history, Alfred Thayer Mahan concluded that six key factors influence a nation’s development as a sea power. Mahan also argued that command of the sea is valuable in both peace and war and that, during conflict, concentrating one’s fleet for decisive battle is key. Mahan’s ideas gained popularity among the major world powers in the late 19th century and continue to influence naval strategy today.

What do fairy tales, such as “Little Red Riding Hood,” “Sleeping Beauty,” and “Hansel and Gretel,” have to do with French peasant life in the eighteenth century? What does a cat massacre reveal about the relationship between artisans and the bourgeois in early modern France? In Robert Darnton’s, The "Great Cat Massacre," the underlying themes of fairy tales and the circumstances surrounding a large killing of cats provide the answers to these questions and reveal the attitudes and concerns of peasants and artisans in eighteenth century France.

This study researched the occurrence of post-traumatic anniversary reactions in Gulf War veterans. The article defines an anniversary reaction as “a specifically timed, emotionally invested episode during which an individual experiences significant psychiatric or medical symptoms.” In other words, an anniversary reaction occurs when a veteran develops abnormal physical or mental symptoms on the anniversary of a previous traumatic experience. The goal of the study was to more fully explain these reactions so that the veterans who experienced them, and the clinicians who develop treatment...

In "How Designers Think," Bryan Lawson described several traps in the design process. One of these, the image trap, is when a designer visualizes a design but fails to realize it does not match reality. Lack of experience, bias, or assumptions can mislead a designer. As a result, they do not examine their ideas with a critical eye. Over time, however, as the design process proceeds, the designer often realizes that what they envisioned is not possible under the current conditions or available resources. For example, in the years preceding the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel’s military and ...

Using Peter Schwartz’s scenario-building model, several outcomes of the COVID-19 crisis can be considered. These future scenarios are not meant to predict events, but to guide one’s understanding of the operational environment, which can inform planning. Furthermore, by identifying three scenarios, one should not conclude that there are only three possible scenarios. Rather, there are a myriad of potential outcomes, which could include some, or even none, of the elements identified.

Since liquor was easily transportable and widely desired, saloons were one of the first businesses to arrive on the Rocky Mountain mining frontier. The earliest establishments were crude tents or haphazardly constructed shacks. Over time, saloon owners upgraded to more permanent facilities and added ornate decorations, expensive mirrors, and billiard tables imported from the East. In, The Saloon on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier, Elliott West stated, “The physical evolution and diversification of the drinking house . . . paralleled the growth of the mining town and its search for a ...

The just war tradition provides a framework to evaluate decisions on waging and conducting war. It can also inform conduct after a war. In addition, just war principles can assist military planners and decision-makers regarding situations other than war, including humanitarian intervention. For example, consider a potential mass atrocity in sub-Saharan Africa. The just war concepts of just cause, legitimate authority, reasonable chance of success, last resort, right intention, and proportionality can inform the moral and legal basis for intervention by a state or the international community.

While globalization is not a perfect economic system, it has been overwhelmingly beneficial to the world. According to Thomas Friedman, the “Golden Straightjacket” of market capitalism benefits you the more you tighten it (Lexus and Olive Tree). The system promotes competition and rewards those who work the hardest with a better standard of living. Still, Noreena Hertz, in The Silent Takeover, focused on the negatives of the system, arguing that it drowns democracy and leaves too many people in the hole of poverty. In addition, author Paul Blustein focused on the complexity of the ...

Purpose: To outline a course of action that will prevent refusal of the anthrax vaccine by military personnel up and down the chain of command. Since each member of the United States military is valuable, even small resistance to the vaccine ought to be avoided. Furthermore, any resistance has the potential to spread and cause a more widespread problem. Lastly, refusal of the vaccine is detrimental to unit cohesiveness and morale. With the proper approach, junior officers and the chain of command can suppress this problem at multiple levels before it becomes an issue.

Napoleon Bonaparte once stated, “Read over and over again the campaigns of Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, Gustavus, Turenne, and Frederick the Great. This is the only way to become a great general.” Napoleon’s successes on the battlefield point to the validity of his assertion. His study of the past informed his understanding of the present, and influenced his actions. In the same way, history provides valuable insight into other areas. For example, an analysis of military history, from the 16th through the 19th centuries, reveals several characteristics of effective militaries. During ...

Non-proliferation is the attempt to prevent the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons through international treaties and cooperative efforts to control NBC related technologies. The 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) acknowledged five nuclear power states and declared that other nations who joined the treaty would forego development of nuclear weapons. It implied the ultimate goal of all nations to be free of nuclear weapons. To enforce this treaty the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) conducts inspections of a nation’s declared nuclear related facilities...

On 17 December 1903, Wilbur Wright watched his brother, Orville, fly a biplane a distance of one hundred and twenty feet over the dunes of North Carolina. While obtaining an altitude of only twenty feet, their flying machine, powered by a twelve horsepower engine, accomplished a remarkable feat. In just twelve seconds, their “Flyer” broke the barrier of powered human flight. In less than twenty years, major world powers integrated the new technology into their militaries. In Great Britain, Hugh Trenchard predicted the airplane would transform warfare. From 1914 to 1945, Trenchard ...

In William N. Still’s essay, “A Naval Sieve: The Union Blockade in the Civil War,” he contended that the blockade “was not a major factor in the collapse of the Confederacy” (Still 72). Of the Union Navy’s primary tasks of maintaining control of Southern ports, supporting amphibious operations, and pursuing piratical cruisers, the effectiveness of the blockade remains the most hotly debated strategy. Did it strangle the Confederate economy and force the South to pursue peace? According to Still, the answer is no. The supporting evidence he cites, however, is inconclusive and can...

The United States is the only nation with the moral standing and military and economic power to lead the world. Since her birth, America has celebrated freedom and liberty. Her people believe that democracy is the best form of government because it encourages human excellence. In light of this reasoning, should America support democratic revolutions around the world? Or should she pursue stability in foreign relations? While there are benefits and drawbacks to each approach, the weight of the evidence supports a policy of encouraging democratic revolutions. Such an approach could spread ...

Today, the House of Representatives is debating a bill that would permanently normalize trade relations with China. At the same time, the State Department reports that terrorist activity has shifted to the Southeast Asian countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. In southern Lebanon, Israeli troops prepare to pull out of the buffer zone following two decades of occupation. In Iran, a Jewish Iranian admits he was paid five hundred dollars per month to spy for the Israeli intelligence service. He faces the death penalty if convicted. In the Philippines, twenty-one foreigners, held hostage by ...

In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt. In addition to his army, he brought along a library of books on science, geography, poetry, politics, and religion. It is not surprising that Napoleon, an avid reader, also studied military history. He stated, “Read over and over again the campaigns of Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, Gustavus, Turenne, and Frederick the Great. This is the only way to become a great general.” Napoleon’s advice is just as applicable today as it was in his lifetime. For the military professional, military history informs their long-term education in several ...

On September 23, 1949, President Harry S. Truman announced that an atomic explosion had occurred in the Soviet Union. Over the next few days, The New York Times and Washington Post ran articles discussing the timing of the explosion, its impact on military aid to Europe, and subsequent calls for international atomic control.

Purpose: In "Errand into the Wilderness," one of Perry Miller’s goals was to explain the establishment and development of the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony using the two meanings of the word errand, in order to gather insight into the genesis of the American experience. Key Questions: Miller first asked whether the Puritans were sent on a mission, like an errand boy, or whether they were acting alone, doing their own errand. He then asked whether the Puritans fell short of their goal by 1660, and, if so, in what sense had they failed. Finally, he examined whether there was a further ...