
Mind and Cosmos
Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False
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Narrado por:
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Brian Troxell
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De:
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Thomas Nagel
The modern materialist approach to life has conspicuously failed to explain such central mind-related features of our world as consciousness, intentionality, meaning, and value. This failure to account for something so integral to nature as mind, argues philosopher Thomas Nagel, is a major problem, threatening to unravel the entire naturalistic world picture, extending to biology, evolutionary theory, and cosmology.
Since minds are features of biological systems that have developed through evolution, the standard materialist version of evolutionary biology is fundamentally incomplete. And the cosmological history that led to the origin of life and the coming into existence of the conditions for evolution cannot be a merely materialist history, either. An adequate conception of nature would have to explain the appearance in the universe of materially irreducible conscious minds, as such. Nagel's skepticism is not based on religious belief or on a belief in any definite alternative.
In Mind and Cosmos, he does suggest that if the materialist account is wrong, then principles of a different kind may also be at work in the history of nature, principles of the growth of order that are in their logical form teleological rather than mechanistic. In spite of the great achievements of the physical sciences, reductive materialism is a world view ripe for displacement. Nagel shows that to recognize its limits is the first step in looking for alternatives, or at least in being open to their possibility.
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it is a welcomed contribution to a realization that the teleology is real. also, resonate with much of intellifent design on IRREDUCIBILITY of a given phenomenon. be that interdependent molecular machines, or consciousness, or values.
should be a food for thought regardless of your convictions.
surprisingly honest
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He starts with consciousness and values being real objective things, and kind of concludes that everything else is a product of those. It was a lot of "I can't see how the natural world could produce X, so here's another theory." Apart from slipping into god-of-the-gapsism, I think there are already satisfactory explanations and demonstrations for many of the things he presents as definitely unexplainable. And teleology seems to be so un-thought through. There is no one final end product of anything in the world, so it's impossible to say what goal teleologically created beings could meet exactly. With something like a car, we can see how there's a design and blueprint and creative process that produces an exact result that is the goal/end product of that intentional process. But which human is the end product of teleological design? Which kangaroo is the final, perfect kangaroo? Which earwig is the archetype? I think it only works if you take a snapshot of the present and say "This is how everything should be", but not if you see everything in flux.
I personally don't think consciousness is a problem for philosophy and science. I think it's just an illusion, a strange loop of feedback processes, but still a material process. It comes when a brain develops, and it fades when a brain degenerates, and it's gone when the brain no longer operates. There's no reason to think it precedes the material brain, as though waiting for a host to manifest itself. Maybe it does, but why would that be the best explanation?
Nagel also talks about probabilities quite a bit, and I'm not sure how he's using that term each time. Any shuffled deck of cards results in a once-in-the-universe order of cards. But that doesn't imply design. I think Nagel should engage a bit more with evolutionary micro-biology, just to see how mutation + environmental selection fully explains many things we can observe on our time scale, and perhaps he wouldn't need to posit a new mechanism for things that operate on longer time scales.
I'm glad I read this though. I might try something else of his.
Mind and Cosmos
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finally
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Mind meets AI
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Without agreeing or disagreeing with Nagel’s idea, it seems propitious for the United States to fund and begin their decade-long effort to examine the human brain. Though nearer term objectives are to understand Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, the longer term result may be to discover the origin of consciousness. Contrary to Nagel’s contention that natural selection cannot explain consciousness, brain research may reveal consciousness rises from the same source of mysterious elemental and repetitive combinations of an immortal gene that Darwin dimly understood. Brain research offers an avenue for extension or refutation of Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
"Mind and Cosmos" is a tribute to Nagel’s “outside the box” philosophical’ thought. Like some who say string theory is a blind alley for a theory of everything, natural selection may be a mistaken road to the origin of life.
IS DARWIN'S THEORY WRONG?
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take that dawkins!
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Great effort
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I do applaud his intellectual consistency to point out the problems with his own atheistic beliefs.
I believe he could have written this to appeal to a broader audience if he could have used “reductionism” in regard to his vocabulary! Lol. But then again, he is an anti-reductionists. 😊
Avoids the evident.
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Logic and Rhetoric at Its Finest
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Staggering intellectual performance
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