First Principles Thinking

How to Strip Problems Down to Their Core, Challenge Assumptions, and Build Better Solutions

By: Oscar Keatinge

Narrated by: Virtual Voice

You don't have a problem-solving problem. You have a first principles thinking problem.

Most people believe they reason from evidence. They don't. They inherit conclusions, attach logic afterward, and experience the whole process as independent thought.

The result is well-reasoned answers to the wrong questions. You optimize inside frames you never chose. You hit the same walls repeatedly because the frame itself was never examined.

First Principles Thinking by Oscar Keatinge gives you a practical system for changing that. Not a motivational framework or vague critical thinking skills. A precise method for breaking any problem to its actual core and rebuilding solutions from what's genuinely true.

The method traces from Aristotle through Descartes to modern engineering and business. Every concept is grounded in how real thinkers and practitioners have applied it.

• Identify the hidden assumptions driving your biggest decisions
• Apply the floor test to separate real constraints from inherited ones
• Diagnose the real problem underneath the stated one before solving anything
• Rebuild solutions from verified premises instead of conventional templates
• Use Socratic questioning as a daily reasoning and decision-making tool
• Know when the method is worth its cost and when good judgment is enough
• Build the habit of reasoning from scratch until it becomes your natural default

Every chapter works through real examples across business, science, and personal decisions. You'll see the method applied to problems that resist every conventional approach.

This isn't about mental models or positive reframing. It's a rigorous guide to one of the most practical rational thinking skills you can build.

If you're done working hard on the wrong problem, this is where you start working on the right one.