Dr. Carla Yerkes joins us to help us tell the story of Rinskor and explain the process of herbicide innovation and the persistence and creativity it takes to develop new solutions for farmers. Yerkes is a research biologist at Corteva Agriscience and has a Ph.D. in herbicide physiology. She has spent about half of her 30 year career in herbicide discovery research and the other half in herbicide trait discovery.

I think what keeps me excited is the fact that we continuously need new herbicides. Weeds find a way to battle back, and weeds continually need to be controlled…We, meaning industry people that produce the herbicides and discover them, had better be looking for what the farmers need next. And so you have to be way ahead of the curve, looking for what is needed. - Dr. Carla Yerkes

Scott Foth also joins the show. As a pest control advisor with over his 50 year career advising farmers, Foth has worked with just about every crop grown in the region. He shares how Rinskor (under the product name Hulk) is making a difference in California orchards in the battle against weed resistance.

So the thing that I've seen with Hulk is you can take a mature fleabane or marestail that's already gone, got seedheads on it, and you can spray it and it will kill it all the way down. You don't have to respray it, where with other herbicides you've got to spray them, burn it back, and then in a month, six weeks, you're probably back in there spraying them again. And so with Hulk it has eliminated them completely, takes them clear out to the root. - Scott Foth

Rinskor has won both the EPA Green Chemistry award and the American Chemical Society Heroes of Chemistry Award. It is a great example of an agriscience innovation that has made a significant impact.

I have to say it's the most significant accomplishment in my career, and it is because it required a fair amount of creativity as well as persistence in order to make it happen. So I was proud of that, and I was proud of the fact that it worked, it worked well, and it's been great for rice farmers. It's very satisfying to see its utility expand into aquatics and into different crops because you could see the utility when you were working with it early on. - Dr. Carla Yerkes

A few takeaways from this episode:

1. The value in the persistence to keep asking the question of “why” or in some cases “why not”?
2. The importance of really understanding the use cases for technology.. Agriscience innovation is a two-way street between scientists and farmers and this is another great example of why that’s important.
3. The future involves mining nature for more natural products or at least products inspired by nature.

Agriscience Explained is brought to you by Corteva Agriscience and hosted by Tim Hammerich. This show is produced by Clint Pilcher, Rayda Krell and Ann Leonard. Jaime Hammerich helps to edit these podcasts, and the music was composed by Dmitri Volkov. Subscribe for more Agriscience Explained: From Science to Solutions.

What is happening in agriscience today that we will be talking about 100 years from now? While it’s impossible to answer that question with certainty, there is a technology that has the potential to impact our industry in the next century as much or even more than hybridization changed the game over the past century. That technology is genome editing. The promise of this technology is very real and today you’re going to hear firsthand accounts of what changed in 2012 and 2013 to make all of this possible, what did it look like to test the technology in plant breeding, and what does the strategy look like to turn this science into better solutions.

“In 2012, we had the seminal paper from Jennifer Doudna, and the entire scientific community was getting very excited with how we could use a technology like CRISPR gene editing to precisely rewrite DNA to get to the end outcome that we want much faster than before… The question we were asking in Pioneer was, yes, we have the technology, and every week you see new improvements in efficiencies of the technology, but where do you apply it?” - Nandini Krishnamurthy, Ph.D.

In this episode, we go behind the scenes to peek into how genome editing arrived on the scene in agriculture, where it stands currently, and why many scientists are calling it a revolutionary technology. Joining us are two people that have been a part of the emergence of CRISPR, the powerful tool that enables scientists to edit the DNA of living organisms. Dr. Nandini Krishnamurthy is the director of external technologies and gene editing ecosystem development at Corteva Agriscience. She has a background in genetics and cell biology and after finishing her PhD at Texas A&M, she focused on computational biology. Also joining us is Dr. Neal Gutterson. Gutterson has a background in executive leadership with biotechnology companies and joined Pioneer in 2014 as the vice president of research and development. He was instrumental in laying the groundwork for genome editing in plant breeding.

“ To be able to fashion the strategy around how we would use and deploy genome editing in, you know, biotech/breeding, but then also how we position it in terms of the marketplace and farmers and other companies seemed like an incredible opportunity. ” - Neal Gutterson, Ph.D.

By proving the concept, communicating with the public and allowing access to the technology, a lot of the groundwork for gene editing in agriculture was already starting to be formed. However, the big question many of you still may be wondering is: what do the farmers think of this? For this we’ll turn back to the farmer we featured on episode 28 of this podcast: Corey Loesson. And while he doesn’t speak for all farmers, it’s safe to assume it echoes the perspective of many if not most out there.

“ We're really talking about accelerated plant breeding, which plant breeding has been going on since agriculture started really, you know, centuries. And we're just getting better at it. And that better part enables us to produce food more efficiently ultimately. ” - Corey Loesson

A few takeaways from this episode:

1. This technology is revolutionary and it’s here. There is a strong case to be made that with the right regulatory framework, this could be every bit as game-changing in the next century as hybridization was in the past century.
2. This is not GMO 2.0 - it’s advanced breeding. These are two distinctly different approaches, but we also have some lessons learned from transgenics with regards to communication and engagement that I think will be important for the emergence of this biotechnology in crops.
3. While farmers are not growing gene edited crops today, there has already been tremendous progress made toward utilizing this technology for their benefit. The difference between cooking a meal and serving it as Nandini said. We truly are at the end of the beginning and ready to enter this next chapter of commercially available gene edited crops.

Agriscience Explained is brought to you by Corteva Agriscience and hosted by Tim Hammerich. This show is produced by Clint Pilcher, Rayda Krell and Ann Leonard. Jaime Hammerich helps to edit these podcasts, and the music was composed by Dmitri Volkov. Subscribe for more Agriscience Explained: From Science to Solutions.