Today’s episode is huge!! I go through all the little things not covered in PK or PD with regards to general pharmacology. First, I go through broadly drug preparation and packaging within pharmaceutics (01:18) followed by isomerism (08:11). Then I move on to drug variability starting off with some definitions (19:05) and then moving on to changes in PD and PK among different physiological states (22:47) and pathological states (38:29). Lastly, I look at a classification for adverse drug reactions (44:20). As always, I finish with a look at the past SAQs (48:13). There were so many to go through here! Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know

With 2025.1 written paper now behind us today I put myself to test and give you guys a “Live Perusal Demo.” I have not looked at the questions and hopefully you will see through my example we are all human and get nervous. It has been 3 years since I sat my primary so I was a bit rusty, but I hope to give you some tips for you to maximise your perusal time (02:23). Then I give you a live demo (07:38) followed by a review of my performance (24:22). I don’t go through any model answers here, I recommend looking at Dr Stan Tay’s youtube channel for this. Next episode I will go through ‘Drug Variability and Interactions.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com

In today’s episode I cover pharmacokinetics. Sorry for the delay but this was a big episode to record. I go through the ADME structure in order starting with absorption (04:21), distribution (15:34), metabolism (23:36) and elimination (30:37). Then I briefly look at intravenous infusion kinetics (35:33) followed by the past SAQ’s (41:25). There are so many SAQ’s to go through and for the purposes of time I have just looked at a select view. Next episode I will go through ‘Drug Variability and Interactions.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com

Today we start our new series of General Pharmacology Principles. The first topic is “Intro to Pharmacodynamics.” I start by discussing the different MOA a drug can work by and then having a deeper look at receptors (01:54). Then I look at the Law of Mass Action and how this applies to receptor affinity (10:32). This brings me to a very important LO which examines the dose-effect relationships of drugs with a look a at some really important graphs (13:42). There is only one SAQ to review at the end (29:56). Next episode I will go through ‘Intro to PK.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com

Happy New Year! I’m joined today with a very special guest and current primary exam examiner Dr Anthony. In this episode we take a in depth look at the Pharmacokinetics of Propofol TCI. Anthony has curated this talk over multiple years and starts of by explaining the main equations you should know (05:35). We then integrate these equations into the classic Propofol Cp vs Time graph (11:52). This leads us on to talking about the compartment model (20:11) and how this applies to the ‘Marsh’ TCI model (23:25). To help understand the concepts of rate constants (k) Anthony uses his bucket analogy (27:27). Then we apply this knowledge to understand effect site targeting (Ce) and run through some examples of differences in age (41:30) and weight (66:05). Finally, we finish with a brief look at the ‘Eleveld’ Model and the concept of Keo (72:40). A huge thank you to Anthony and as always if you have any feedback let me know.

Sources/Credit:

All equations/graphs/diagrams/tables – Miller’s Anesthesia 10th Edition 2025

All TCI calculations – simtiva.app

End Episode Song – “The Volatiles”

I’m joined today by a special guest Justin and we go through an overlooked topic of ‘Immunology & Hypersensitivity.’ The first learning objective is to review how the body defends against infection (05:46) and then look how this is effects under anaesthesia (14:06). Finally, we have a long conversation about the pathophysiology of hypersensitivity (16:22) and the clinical context of the treatment of anaphylaxis (24:18). I want to thank Justin again for joining me today and as always if you have any feedback let me know.

Today is the last topic of our cardiac physiology series “Measurement.” I start of by looking at different techniques to measure non-invasive BP from auscultation (01:31) to oscillometry (07:03). Then I look at an invasive method being arterial lines and this is divided into how it works (11:15) and sources of error (17:54). The last LO for today covers different techniques to measure cardiac output (27:41). To finish as always, we look at the past SAQs (33:35). Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know