Enlightenment History

The French Revolution did not begin with the guillotine. It began with debt, hunger, privilege, failed reform, political fear, and a monarchy that could no longer command belief. In The French Revolution: Power, Terror, and the Fall of the Monarchy, Gordon J. MacKenzie places one of history’s most explosive upheavals on trial. Using the structure of a courtroom case, the book examines the Old Regime, Louis XVI, the Estates-General, the National Assembly, Paris and the crowd, the Church, Varennes, war, the fall of the monarchy, the king’s execution, the Terror, Robespierre, and the rise ...

Dive into the life of one of America's founding fathers with "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Adapted for Modern Readers." This refreshed edition breathes new life into Franklin's timeless narrative with clean formatting and contemporary typography, making it accessible to today’s readers. We've retained Franklin's original tone and themes, while lightly clarifying the language for a smoother reading experience, allowing you to appreciate the wit and wisdom of this visionary thinker without barriers. Set in the vibrant era of American independence, Franklin’s journey from humble ...

The Enlightenment: An Idea and Its History provides a critical historical analysis of the Enlightenment in England, Scotland, France, Germany, and the United States from c. 1650 to the present. It argues that the degree of commonality between social and intellectual movements in each—and, more broadly, between the five societies—has been overstated for polemical purposes. Clark shows that the concept of 'the Enlightenment' was not widely adopted in those societies until the mid-twentieth century; indeed, that it was unknown in the eighteenth.

A magisterial history that recasts the Enlightenment as a period not solely consumed with rationale and reason, but rather as a pursuit of practical means to achieve greater human happiness. One of the formative periods of European and world history, the Enlightenment is the fountainhead of...

One of our most renowned and brilliant historians takes a fresh look at the revolutionary intellectual movement that laid the foundation for the modern world. Liberty and equality. Human rights. Freedom of thought and expression. Belief in reason and progress. The value of scientific inquiry. These are just some of the ideas that were conceived and developed during the Enlightenment, and which changed forever the intellectual landscape of the Western world.

What is enlightenment? Is it a myth or is it real? On The Science of Enlightenment, you will learn that the liberated state is as real as the sensations you are having right now. For it is through the investigation of your own thoughts and feelings that you can awaken to clear insight and a...

Thoroughly researched with beautifully linked arguments, biographies, context and discussions, Needham provides a riveting text: balancing fact and understanding in the wisdom of experience. The book offers a wealth of knowledge for pastors, missionaries, students and professors as they pursue their own education into the response of Christians during the 18th century towards these shifts in the tides of the affairs of men.

If you want to discover the captivating history of the Age of Enlightenment, then pay attention.... The life of an eminent scientist during the Scientific Revolution and the ensuing Enlightenment was not easy. Ambitious people were killed in the name of the Catholic Church for their scientific and philosophical works, which were often viewed as heretical. Major figures of the Enlightenment period include Voltaire, Isaac Newton, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, and Thomas Jefferson.

A bold new history of Europe, from ancient Greece to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. What do we talk about when we talk about Europe? Is it defined by geography? Or is it politics, or shared culture? In Europe, award-winning historian Roderick Beaton tells the story of Europe as never...

Discover the intellectual history and radical philosophy that dismantled absolute power and birthed the modern mind. Perfect for an intellectually stimulating commute, this immersive deep dive transports you to a Europe scarred by religious wars and ruled by tyrants. Watch as a rebellious...

Lost Enlightenment recounts how, between the years 800 and 1200, Central Asia led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and, above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects.

Knowledge and Power: Understanding the Enduring Ideas of Francis Bacon explores the revolutionary thought of one of history’s most important philosophers. Francis Bacon, often called the father of modern science, reshaped the way humanity approaches knowledge, truth, and progress. His vision of experimentation, observation, and inductive reasoning laid the foundations for the scientific method and inspired centuries of discovery. This engaging book guides readers through Bacon’s life and work, from his critique of human bias and the “Idols of the Mind” to his bold belief that ...

The Light of Understanding: John Locke and the Birth of Modern Thought is an in-depth exploration of one of the most influential philosophers in history. This comprehensive and accessible study examines John Locke’s groundbreaking ideas on knowledge, personal identity, moral philosophy, politics, and religious toleration. From his revolutionary theory of the tabula rasa and his emphasis on experience as the source of knowledge to his vision of natural rights and government by consent, Locke’s philosophy helped shape the Enlightenment and the foundations of modern democracy. Readers will...

The End of Enlightenment offers a radical re-evaluation of one of the most important moments in human history. Tracing around the world the changing perspectives of economists, philosophers, politicians and polemicists, historian Richard Whatmore argues that, for figures as diverse as David Hume, Edmund Burke, Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft, the Enlightenment was a profound failure. They had strived to replace superstition with reason, fanaticism with toleration, but witnessed instead terror and revolution, corruption, gross commercial excess and the continued growth of violent empire.

 The Enlightenment That Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind's awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. 

A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: NPR, Telegraph, Washington Post, The New Yorker. LONGLISTED FOR THE BOOKER PRIZE. “Like A.S. Byatt’s Possession, Enlightenment is a baroque, genre-bending novel of ideas, ghosts and hidden histories. A richly layered epic....a heartfelt paean to the consolations of...

In 2008, celebrating the long-awaited completion of the English-language translation of The Great Treatise, the Dalai Lama gave a historic six-day teaching at Lehigh University to explain the meaning of this classic text and to underscore its importance. It is the longest teaching that he has ever given to Westerners on just one text, and Westerners have never before had the opportunity to receive such a complete teaching that encompasses the totality of the Buddhist path from the Dalai Lama.

A ground-breaking history delivered in a refreshing new voice, Queer Enlightenments details eleven overlooked stories of eighteenth-century queer people who lived extraordinary lives of resistance and joy Queer people have always existed. In an era when this basic truth faces undue scrutiny...

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER An “absorbing” (Los Angeles Times) biography of one of the most remarkable, powerful, and captivating women in Russian history—from the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Peter the Great, Nicholas and Alexandra, and The Romanovs “[A] compelling portrait not...

Reason, Nature, and Freedom: Exploring the Ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a clear, engaging guide to one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment. Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the optimism of his age with bold critiques of inequality, property, and social corruption, while offering radical visions of freedom, education, and democratic community. His works inspired revolutions, shaped modern philosophy, and continue to spark debates about justice, individuality, and the meaning of authentic freedom. This book takes readers on a comprehensive journey through Rousseau’s ...