How does Kentucky keep itself atop the thoroughbred industry? Is a champion stallion really worth $200,000 per date? And how many hands can one jockey have? (Part two of a series, “The Horse Is Us.”)

• SOURCES:
  • Emily Plant, thoroughbred researcher and statistician.
  • Jill Stowe, professor of economics at the University of Kentucky.
  • Mark Taylor, president of Taylor Made Farm.
  • Oscar Gonzalez, vice chair of the California Horse Racing Board.
  • Richard Migliore, head racing analyst for Fox Sports and New York Racing Association, retired jockey.

• RESOURCES:
  • "Horse racing industry braces for crackdown on illegal immigration," by Ximena Bustillo (NPR, 2025).
  • "Conceptualizing the Kentucky Horse Industry as an Economic Cluster," by Lori Garkovich (Bluegrass Equine Digest, 2009).

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For most of human history, horsepower made the world go. Then came the machines. So why are there still seven million horses in America? (Part one of a series, “The Horse Is Us.”)

• SOURCES:
  • Ann N. Greene, historian of 19th century America, retired professor at the University of Pennsylvania.
  • Constance Hunter, chief economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit.
  • Elizabeth Bortuzzo, professional horse rider.
  • Mark Paul, professor of economics at Rutgers University.
  • Peter Frankopan, professor of global history at Oxford History.

• RESOURCES:
  • "2023 Economic Impact Study of the U.S. Horse Industry," (American Horse Council Foundation, 2024).
  • Riding to Arms, by Charles Caramello (2022).
  • The Horse in the City, by Clay McShane and Joel Tarr (2011).
  • Horses at Work, by Ann Norton Greene (2008).

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Spotify, Oracle, and Comcast have each recently announced they’re going with co-C.E.O.s. In this 2023 episode, we dig into the research and hear firsthand stories of triumph and disaster. Also: lessons from computer programmers, Simon and Garfunkel, and bears versus alligators.

• SOURCES:
  • Jim Balsillie, retired chairman and co-C.E.O. of Research In Motion.
  • Mike Cannon-Brookes, co-founder and C.E.O. of Atlassian.
  • Scott Farquhar, co-founder and former co-C.E.O. of Atlassian.
  • Marc Feigen, C.E.O. advisor.
  • Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, professor of management studies and senior associate dean at the Yale School of Management and founding president of the Chief Executive Leadership Institute.
  • Laurie Williams, professor of computer science at North Carolina State University.

• RESOURCES:
  • "Scott Farquhar to resign as joint CEO of Atlassian," by Jonathan Barrett (The Guardian, 2024).
  • "Is It Time to Consider Co-C.E.O.s?" by Marc A. Feigen, Michael Jenkins, and Anton Warendh (Harvard Business Review, 2022).
  • "The Costs and Benefits of Pair Programming," by Alistair Cockburn and Laurie Williams (2000).
  • "Strengthening the Case for Pair Programming," by Laurie Williams, Robert R. Kessler, Ward Cunningham, and Ron Jeffries (IEEE Software, 2000).

• EXTRAS:
  • "The Secret Life of a C.E.O.," series by Freakonomics Radio (2018).

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