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Conflicted: A History Podcast

Conflicted: A History Podcast

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Untangling history’s greatest controversies. Every month, we take a hard look at the historical conflicts that raise difficult questions, stoke controversy, and send our moral compasses spinning.℗ & © 2021 Conflicted: A History Podcast Social Sciences World
Episodes
  • The Tokyo Subway Sarin Attacks 1995 – Part 1

    The Tokyo Subway Sarin Attacks 1995 – Part 1
    Dec 5 2025
    On March 20th, 1995, the Tokyo subway system was flooded with sarin nerve gas in a coordinated terrorist attack by the religious cult Aum Shinrikyō. Led by the charismatic new-age guru, Shoko Asahara, the well-funded and technologically ambitious Aum organization manufactured and deployed chemical weapons in an attempt to bring about the end of the world. In the chaos that followed, 13 people were killed, thousands were injured, and the international community shuddered at the possibility of future attacks by fringe political groups. SOURCES: Amarasingam, A. (2017, April 5). A history of sarin as a weapon. The Atlantic. Cotton, Simon. “Nerve Agents: What Are They and How Do They Work?” American Scientist, vol. 106, no. 3, 2018, pp. 138–40. Danzig, Richard; Sageman, Marc; Leighton, Terrance; Hough, Lloyd; Yuki, Hidemi; Kotani, Rui; Hosford, Zachary M.. Aum Shinrikyo: Insights Into How Terrorists Develop Biological and Chemical Weapons . Center for a New American Security. 2011. Gunaratna, Rohan. “Aum Shinrikyo’s Rise, Fall and Revival.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, vol. 10, no. 8, 2018, pp. 1–6. Harmon, Christopher C. “How Terrorist Groups End: Studies of the Twentieth Century.” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 3, 2010, pp. 43–84. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26269787. “IHT: A Safe and Sure System — Until Now.” The New York Times, 21 Mar. 1995. Jones, Seth G., and Martin C. Libicki. “Policing and Japan’s Aum Shinrikyo.” How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa’ida, RAND Corporation, 2008, pp. 45–62. Kaplan, David E. (1996) “Aum’s Shoko Asahara and the Cult at the End of the World”. WIRED. Lifton, Robert Jay. Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism. 1999. Murakami, Haruki. Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche. Translated by Alfred Birnbaum and Philip Gabriel. 2001. Murphy, P. (2014, June 21). Matsumoto: Aum’s sarin guinea pig. The Japan Times. Reader, Ian. Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan: The Case of Aum Shinrikyo. 2000. Tucker, Jonathan B. “Chemical/Biological Terrorism: Coping with a New Threat.” Politics and the Life Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, 1996, pp. 167–83. Ushiyama, Rin. “Shock and Anger: Societal Responses to the Tokyo Subway Attack.” Aum Shinrikyō and Religious Terrorism in Japanese Collective Memory., The British Academy, 2023, pp. 52–80. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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    2 hrs and 6 mins
  • Get Eichmann – Israel’s Hunt For A Nazi War Criminal - Part 3

    Get Eichmann – Israel’s Hunt For A Nazi War Criminal - Part 3
    Oct 10 2025
    In the summer of 1960, all eyes are on Israel. As the Jewish nation unveils its capture of Adolf Eichmann to the world, a bitter controversy swirls around the notorious SS officer. Eichmann’s lawyer, Dr. Robert Servatius, scrambles to cobble together a defense strategy and save his client from the noose. In Jerusalem, journalist and scholar Hannah Arendt wrestles with questions about the nature of evil. SOURCES: Aharoni, Zvi. Dietl, Wilhelm. Operation Eichmann: Pursuit and Capture. 1997. Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann In Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. 1963. Bascomb, Neal. Hunting Eichmann: How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World’s Most Notorious Nazi. 2009. Bergman, Ronen. Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations. 2018. Charles Rivers Editors. The Mossad. 2019. Charles Rivers Editors. Germany and the Cold War. 2018. Charles Rivers Editors. Israel’s Most Legendary Operations. 2018. Goni, Uki. The Real Odessa: How Nazi War Criminals Escaped Europe. 2003. Fairweather, Jack. The Prosecutor: One Man’s Batlle to Bring Nazis to Justice. 2025. Hourly History. The Nuremberg Trials. 2020. Lipstadt, Deborah. The Eichmann Trial. 2011. MacLean, French. American Hangman: MSGT. John C. Woods. 2019. Roland, Paul. The Nuremberg Trials: The Nazis and Their Crimes Against Humanity. 2010. Scott-Bauman, Michael. The Shortest History of Israel and Palestine. 2023. Stangneth, Buttina. Eichmann Before Jerusalem: The Unexamined Life of a Mass Murderer. 2014. Stein, Harry. Malkin, Peter. Eichmann In My Hands. 1990. Steinke, Ronan. Fritz Bauer: The Jewish Prosecutor Who Brought Eichmann and Auschwitz to Trial. 2020. Thomas, Gordon. The Secret History of the Mossad. 1999. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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    1 hr and 37 mins
  • Get Eichmann – Israel’s Hunt For A Nazi War Criminal - Part 2

    Get Eichmann – Israel’s Hunt For A Nazi War Criminal - Part 2
    Sep 9 2025
    Adolf Eichmann has been found. In the spring of 1960, Mossad launches a daring operation to kidnap “Ricardo Klement” and smuggle him back to Israel to face judgement. SOURCES: Aharoni, Zvi. Dietl, Wilhelm. Operation Eichmann: Pursuit and Capture. 1997. Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann In Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. 1963. Bascomb, Neal. Hunting Eichmann: How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World’s Most Notorious Nazi. 2009. Bergman, Ronen. Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations. 2018. Charles Rivers Editors. The Mossad. 2019. Charles Rivers Editors. Germany and the Cold War. 2018. Charles Rivers Editors. Israel’s Most Legendary Operations. 2018. Goni, Uki. The Real Odessa: How Nazi War Criminals Escaped Europe. 2003. Fairweather, Jack. The Prosecutor: One Man’s Batlle to Bring Nazis to Justice. 2025. Hourly History. The Nuremberg Trials. 2020. Lauryssens, Stan. The Eichmann Legacy. 2017. Lipstadt, Deborah. The Eichmann Trial. 2011. MacLean, French. American Hangman: MSGT. John C. Woods. 2019. Roland, Paul. The Nuremberg Trials: The Nazis and Their Crimes Against Humanity. 2010. Scott-Bauman, Michael. The Shortest History of Israel and Palestine. 2023. Stangneth, Buttina. Eichmann Before Jerusalem: The Unexamined Life of a Mass Murderer. 2014. Stein, Harry. Malkin, Peter. Eichmann In My Hands. 1990. Steinke, Ronan. Fritz Bauer: The Jewish Prosecutor Who Brought Eichmann and Auschwitz to Trial. 2020. Thomas, Gordon. The Secret History of the Mossad. 1999. https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/740686212/the-doctor-who-helped-israeli-spies-catch-eichmann-but-refused-recognition-for-i Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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    1 hr and 54 mins
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