Why do sopranos struggle to project on high notes while tenors cut through effortlessly? It's not effort—it's acoustics.

In Part 2 of our Formant Series, we explain F1:F0 tuning: the formant strategy high voices need in the upper range. When your fundamental frequency exceeds 500 Hz, the singer's formant cluster stops working. You need a completely different approach.

We cover why vowel modification is acoustic necessity (not technique failure), exactly how much to modify each vowel at specific pitches, and three exercises for developing smooth, systematic adjustments.

Research from Garnier, Joliveau, Schutte, and others—translated into practical application.

📧 Free daily voice lessons: www.voicescience.org/free

Written by Josh Manuel | Recorded by Drew Williams-Orozco

Your cold symptoms cleared up days ago—so why does your voice still feel off?

Cold symptoms resolve in 3-7 days. Vocal fold tissue takes 3-4 weeks to fully heal. That 1-3 week gap where you feel fine but your voice isn't ready is where singers cause preventable damage.

This episode covers what's actually happening in your vocal folds during a respiratory infection—the swelling, the fragile blood vessels, the disrupted mucosal wave. We break down the three injury patterns from returning too soon (hemorrhage, nodules, and muscle tension patterns that stick around after healing), which medications help versus hurt, and when hoarseness means it's time to see an ENT.

Sign up for The Singing Email: https://www.voicescience.org/free

Episode delivered by Drew Williams-Orozco

Written by Josh Manuel

Why do trained male singers cut through orchestras effortlessly while you're straining to be heard over a single guitar? The answer isn't talent—it's acoustic physics.

In Part 1 of our 5-episode Formant Series, we break down the singer's formant: a learnable concentration of acoustic energy around 3,000 Hz that gives low voices their characteristic ring and carrying power. You'll learn what creates this physiologically (hint: pharynx width + epilaryngeal narrowing), why this frequency region exploits a built-in perceptual advantage, and how to develop it in your own voice.

We also tackle the passaggio—that stuck, heavy feeling around E4-G4—with the acoustic explanation for what "covering" actually means and practical strategies for navigating the transition smoothly.

Next week: Why sopranos use completely different physics.

Get 365 free science-based voice lessons delivered to your inbox: www.voicescience.org/free

Why do singing resolutions fail every January? It's not your discipline—it's the model itself. In this Season 1 finale, we break down the two predictable failure modes of vocal resolutions and introduce a process-based alternative built on compound improvement.

Learn why 1% daily gains outperform breakthrough chasing, what your first 30 days should actually look like, and how long-term improvers think differently about progress.

In this episode:

• Why willpower-based resolutions are designed to fail
• The vagueness trap and the ambition-without-structure trap
• How invisible progress leads singers to quit too early
• A five-step framework for building sustainable practice
• What separates plateau breakers from resolution chasers

Presented by: Drew Williams-Orozco

Written by: Josh Manuel

Everyone says warm-ups are essential. Everyone says they protect your voice. But when we looked at the research, the honest answer surprised us.

The injury prevention framing is a recent invention—borrowed from sports medicine, where even that field can't prove warm-ups prevent injury. Meanwhile, the physiological mechanisms we assume are happening (increased blood flow, tissue temperature changes) remain largely theoretical.

But here's what troubles us more: the concept of "warming up" gives singers permission to practice mindlessly. The bel canto masters understood something we've forgotten—their exercises weren't warm-ups, they were skill-building. Every repetition either builds a good habit or reinforces a bad one. There's no neutral.

Team

Read by Drew Williams Orozco

Written by Josh Manuel

References

Afonso, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Sarmento, H., Santos, J. A. R., & Clemente, F. M. (2024). Revisiting the 'Whys' and 'Hows' of the Warm-Up: Are We Asking the Right Questions? *Sports Medicine*, 54(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01908-y

Elliot, N., Sundberg, J., & Gramming, P. (1995). What Happens During Vocal Warm-Up? *Journal of Voice*, 9(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80221-8

Gish, A., Kunduk, M., Sims, K., & McWhorter, A. J. (2012). Vocal Warm-Up Practices and Perceptions in Vocalists: A Pilot Survey. *Journal of Voice*, 26(1), e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.10.005

Hoch, M., & Sandage, M. J. (2018). Exercise Science Principles and the Vocal Warm-Up: Implications for Singing Voice Pedagogy. *Journal of Voice*, 32(1), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.017

Iwarsson, J., Lindström, M., Hertegård, S., Sundberg, J., & Nägga, E. (2022). Effects of Warm-Up Exercises on Self-Assessed Vocal Effort. *Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology*, 48(3), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2022.2075459

Moorcroft, L., & Kenny, D. T. (2013). Singer and Listener Perception of Vocal Warm-Up. *Journal of Voice*, 27(2), 258.e1–258.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.11.001

Motel, T., Fisher, K. V., & Leydon, C. (2003). Vocal Warm-Up Increases Phonation Threshold Pressure in Soprano Singers at High Pitch. *Journal of Voice*, 17(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00004-3

Ragsdale, J., Nix, J., Sandage, M. J., & Hoch, M. (2022). Collegiate Singers' Perceptions of Vocal Warm-Up Duration. *Journal of Voice*, 36(1), 145.e1–145.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.009

Ruotsalainen, J. H., Sellman, J., Lehto, L., Jauhiainen, M., & Verbeek, J. H. (2007). Interventions for Preventing Voice Disorders in Adults. *Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews*, (4), CD006372. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006372.pub2

93% of voice teachers experience imposter syndrome. 52% burn out. And 44% never collaborate with another teacher. If you've been teaching alone and wondering if everyone else has it figured out—this episode explains why that's not a personal failure, and what the research says actually fixes it.

We cover why your degree program probably didn't prepare you, why the competitive culture in private instruction is making everything worse, and practical collaboration strategies that actually improve teaching outcomes: coffee chats, master classes, guest lessons, and joint recitals.

One connection. One teacher. One conversation. That's where it starts.

🎓 Join VoSci Academy for bi-weekly live Q&A and a community of voice teachers: https://www.voicescience.org/academy

Your voice changes as you age—but 85% of people who get the right help actually improve. This episode covers what really happens to your voice over time and what you can do about it.

We break down presbyphonia (age-related voice changes): vocal fold atrophy, tissue stiffness, cartilage calcification, respiratory decline, and hormonal effects. Then we cover Vocal Function Exercises—the intervention with the strongest research evidence—including the exact protocol and dosage.

Practical guidance for aging singers, voice teachers working with older students, and choir directors managing ensembles where the average age keeps climbing.

What you'll learn: → Why voices get breathy, lose range, and fatigue faster → The physiology behind vocal fold bowing and glottal insufficiency → Vocal Function Exercises: the 4-exercise protocol with specific pitches → How 6-12 weeks of practice produces measurable improvement → Repertoire and rehearsal adaptations for aging voices

00:00 Introduction
01:55 What actually happens to aging voices
09:22 How this affects your singing
11:22 Vocal Function Exercises: the evidence
17:03 Practical advice for singers, teachers, & choir directors
21:12 The bottom line

PRIMARY RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Angadi V, Croake D, Stemple J. Effects of Vocal Function Exercises: A Systematic Review. Journal of Voice. 2019;33(1):124.e13-124.e34.

Angerstein W. Vocal Changes and Laryngeal Modifications in the Elderly (Presbyphonia and Presbylarynx). Laryngorhinootologie. 2018;97(11):772-776.

Belsky MA, Shelly S, Rothenberger SD, et al. Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE) With and Without Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) For Patients With Presbyphonia: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Voice. 2021.

Crawley BK, Dehom S, Thiel C, et al. Assessment of Clinical and Social Characteristics That Distinguish Presbylaryngis From Pathologic Presbyphonia in Elderly Individuals. JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery. 2018;144(7):566–571.

Desjardins M, Halstead L, Simpson A, Flume P, Bonilha HS. Respiratory Muscle Strength Training to Improve Vocal Function in Patients with Presbyphonia. Journal of Voice. 2022;36(3):344-360.

Mau T, Jacobson BH, Garrett CG. Factors associated with voice therapy outcomes in the treatment of presbyphonia. The Laryngoscope. 2010;120(6):1181-1187.

Stemple JC, Lee L, D'Amico B, Pickup B. Efficacy of vocal function exercises as a method of improving voice production. Journal of Voice. 1994;8(3):271-278.

Ziegler A, Abbott KV, Johns M, Klein A, Hapner ER. Preliminary data on two voice therapy interventions in the treatment of presbyphonia. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(8):1869-1876.

Stop hunting for notes at the piano. Sight reading is the most practical skill singers can develop—and it's completely learnable with the right approach.

We break down what sight reading actually is, why it matters for church musicians, auditioners, and choir singers alike, and compare the main learning systems: neutral syllables, scale numbers, and solfege. Plus the exact resource and difficulty level to start with today.

Sight reading saves time, builds confidence, and makes you a more independent musician. Five to ten minutes of daily practice at the right difficulty level compounds over time. Start with the VoSci Sight Reading Generator at Beginner - L1 and track your progress.

Resources: VoSci Sight Reading Generator | Zone of Proximal Development | VoSci Academy ($1 for 30 days)