• Episode 79: Spiritual Avoidance
    Nov 23 2025

    References

    Aschenbrenner, G. (2007). Examen. British Province of the Society of Jesus.

    Cashwell, C. S., Bentley, P. B., & Yarborough, J. P. (2007). The only way out is through: The peril of spiritual bypass. Counseling and Values, 51(2), 139-148.

    Colombiere, C. (1980). Trustful surrender to divine providence: The secret of peace and happiness. Tan Books.

    Fox, J., Cashwell, C. S., & Picciotto, G. (2017). The opiate of the masses: Measuring spiritual bypass and its relationship to spirituality, religion, mindfulness, psychological distress, and personality. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 4(4), 274.

    Ignatian Spirituality. (n.d.). Consolations and desolations. https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/consolation-and-desolation-2/

    Ignatian Spirituality. (n.d.). The examen. https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/ignatian-prayer/the-examen

    Ignatius of Loyola. (n.d.). Suscipe. https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/prayer/traditional-catholic-prayers/saints-prayers/suscipe-prayer-saint-ignatius-of-loyola/

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. IVP Academic.

    Knabb, J., Vazquez, V., Pate, R., Garzon, F., & Wang, K. (2019). Christian meditation for trauma-based rumination: A four-week program. Unpublished manual.

    Thibodeaux, M. (2015). Reimagining the Ignatian Examen: Fresh ways to pray from your day. Loyola Press.

    Welwood, J. (1984). Principles of inner work: Psychological and spiritual. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 16(1), 63-73.

    Welwood, J. (n.d.). On spiritual bypassing and relationship. https://scienceandnonduality.com/article/on-spiritual-bypassing-and-relationship/

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    29 m
  • Episode 78: Stillness
    Oct 26 2025

    References

    Alvarez-Perez, Y., Rivero-Santana, A., Perestelo-Perez, L., Duarte-Diaz, A., Ramos-Garcia, V., Toledo-Chavarri, A., & Serrano-Aguilar, P. (2022). Effectiveness of mantra-based meditation on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3380.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. IVP Academic.

    Orme-Johnson, D. W., Barnes, V. A., Rees, B., & Tobin, J. (2025). Systematic review and meta-analysis of transcendental meditation for post-traumatic stress disorder. Medicina, 61(4), 659.

    Nikodimos. (Ed.). (1782). Philokalia. R.P. Pryne.

    Roth, B. (2022). Strength in stillness: The power of transcendental meditation. Simon & Schuster.

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    27 m
  • Episode 77: Loneliness
    Sep 28 2025

    References

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Loneliness. https://dictionary.apa.org/loneliness

    Curtis, A., Luchetti, M., Prendergast, C., Ahern, E., Creaven, A. M., Kirwan, E. M., & O’Súilleabháin, P. S. (2025). Adverse childhood experiences and loneliness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 370, 117860.

    Jiang, D., Kwok, J. Y. Y., Yeung, D. Y. L., Tang, V. F. Y., Choi, N. G., Ho, R. T. H., & Chou, K. L. (2025). Six-month outcomes of layperson-delivered, telephone-based behavioural activation and mindfulness interventions on loneliness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The HEAL-HOA Dual Randomised Controlled Trial. Age and Ageing, 54(8), afaf209.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. IVP Academic.

    Laubach, F. (2007). Letters by a modern mystic [Kindle edition]. Purposeful Design Publications.

    Millstein, D. J., Larson, A. G., & Orsillo, S. M. (2025). A kindness-based meditation study for promoting interpersonal functioning in first-year college students. Journal of Psychiatry and Cognitive Behaviour, 9, 197.

    Riboldi, I., Crocamo, C., Capogrosso, C. A., Bartoli, F., Armes, J., Taylor, C., & Carrà, G. (2025). Understanding the role of loneliness in the relationships between post-traumatic stress symptoms and both anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students: A mediation analysis. Brain Sciences, 15(8), 787.

    Zeas-Sigüenza, A., Voldstad, A., Ruisoto, P., Ganho-Ávila, A., Guiomar, R., Cacho, R., & Benach, J. (2025). Loneliness as a public health challenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policy and practice. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 15(7), 131.

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    30 m
  • Episode 76: Self-Transcendence
    Aug 31 2025

    References

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Self-transcendence. https://dictionary.apa/org/self-transendence

    Arslan, G., Kabasakal, Z., & Taş, B. (2024). Childhood psychological maltreatment, mindful awareness, self-transcendence, and mental well-being in emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 12(1), 18-28.

    Dambrun, M., Hanley, A., Garland, E., De Oliveira, P., Stinus, C., Pellerin, N., & Juneau, C. (2024). The effect of a short mindfulness meditation practice on positive mental health: Self-transcendence as a mediating process. International Journal of Wellbeing, 14(3), 1-22.

    Garcia-Romeu, A. (2010). Self-transcendence as a measurable transpersonal construct. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 42(1), 26.

    Johnston, W. (Ed.). (1973). The cloud of unknowing and the book of privy counseling. Image.

    Kitson, A., Chirico, A., Gaggioli, A., & Riecke, B. E. (2020). A review on research and evaluation methods for investigating self-transcendence. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 547687.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. IVP Academic.

    Knabb, J., & Bates, M. (2020). “Holy desire” within the “Cloud of Unknowing”: The psychological contributions of medieval apophatic contemplation to Christian mental health in the 21st century. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 39, 24-39.

    Levenson, M. R., Jennings, P. A., Aldwin, C. M., & Shiraishi, R. W. (2005). Self-transcendence: Conceptualization and measurement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 60(2), 127-143.

    Merton, T. (1961). New seeds of contemplation. Abbey of Gethsemani, Inc.

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    31 m
  • Episode 75: Envy
    Aug 3 2025

    References

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Envy. https://dictionary.apa.org/envy

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Jealousy. https://dictionary.apa.org/jealousy

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Well-being. https://dictionary.apa.org/well-being

    Cordaro, D. T., Brackett, M., Glass, L., & Anderson, C. L. (2016). Contentment: Perceived completeness across cultures and traditions. Review of General Psychology, 20(3), 221-235.

    Crusius, J., Gonzalez, M. F., Lange, J., & Cohen-Charash, Y. (2020). Envy: An adversarial review and comparison of two competing views. Emotion Review, 12(1), 3-21.

    Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 56-69.

    Holman Bible Dictonary. (2004). Envy. Holman Bible Publishers.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. IVP Academic.

    Mao, Y., Zhao, J., Xu, Y., & Xiang, Y. (2021). How gratitude inhibits envy: From the perspective of positive psychology. PsyCh Journal, 10(3), 384-392.

    Meier, A., & Johnson, B. K. (2022). Social comparison and envy on social media: A critical review. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101302.

    Mujcic, R., & Oswald, A. J. (2018). Is envy harmful to a society's psychological health and wellbeing? A longitudinal study of 18,000 adults. Social Science & Medicine, 198, 103-111.

    Rash, J. A., Matsuba, M. K., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Gratitude and well‐being: Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention? Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 3(3), 350-369.

    Roberts, R. (2004). The blessings of gratitude. In R. Emmons & M. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 58-80). Oxford University Press.

    The Upper Room Dictionary of Christian Spiritual Formation. (2003). Seven deadly sins. Upper Room Books.

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    38 m
  • Episode 74: Depressive Rumination
    Jun 22 2025

    References

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Rumination. https://dictionary.apa.org/rumination

    Ball, J. (2016). A treatise of divine meditation. Puritan Publications.

    Beeke, J., & Jones, M. (2012). A Puritan theology: Doctrine for life. Reformation Heritage Books.

    Erickson, M. (2013). Christian theology: An introduction (3rd ed.). Baker Academic.

    Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., & Wells, A. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of metacognitive therapy for depression: Analysis of 1-year follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1842.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.

    Knabb, J., Vazquez, V., Garzon, F., Ford, K., Wang, K., Conner, K., Warren, S., & Weston, D. (2020). Christian meditation for repetitive negative thinking: A multi-site randomized trial examining the effects of a four-week preventative program. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 7, 34-50.

    Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2003). An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 261-273.

    Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. The Guilford Press.

    Wolters, A. (2005). Creation regained: Biblical basics for a reformational worldview. Eerdmans.

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    38 m
  • Episode 73: Mantras
    May 25 2025

    References

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Mantra. https://dictionary.apa.org/mantra

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.

    Knabb, J. J., & Vazquez, V. E. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of a 2-week internet-based contemplative prayer program for Christians with daily stress. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000154

    Oman, D. (2024). What is a mantra? Guidance for practitioners, researchers, and editors. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001368

    The Way of the Pilgrim. (2017). Magdalene Press.

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    21 m
  • Episode 72: Shattered Worldviews
    Apr 27 2025

    References

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). Author.

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Trauma. https://dictionary.apa.org/trauma

    APA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Worldview. https://dictionary.apa.org/weltanschauung

    Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. The Free Press.

    Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.

    Knabb, J. (2025). The Christian trauma survivor’s workbook: A skills-based approach for psychological and spiritual healing [Manuscript in preparation]. College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, California Baptist University.

    Knabb, J. J., Wang, K. T., Hall, M. E. L., & Vazquez, V. E. (2025). The Christian Worldview Scale: An emic measure for assessing a comprehensive view of life within the Christian tradition. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 12(1), 1–19.

    Packer, J. (2009). Rediscovering holiness: Know the fullness of life with God. Regal.

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    32 m