Episodios

  • OT Emergency Preparedness: When Disaster Recovery Meets Real-World Safety | A Conversation with Tobias Halmans | Redefining CyberSecurity with Sean Martin

    OT Emergency Preparedness: When Disaster Recovery Meets Real-World Safety | A Conversation with Tobias Halmans | Redefining CyberSecurity with Sean Martin
    Jul 17 2025

    ⬥GUEST⬥

    Tobias Halmans, OT Incident Responder | GIAC Certified Incident Handler | Automation Security Consultant at admeritia GmbH | On LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tobias-halmans/

    ⬥HOST⬥

    Host: Sean Martin, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazine and Host of Redefining CyberSecurity Podcast | On LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/imsmartin/ | Website: https://www.seanmartin.com

    ⬥EPISODE NOTES⬥

    Business continuity planning is a familiar exercise for most IT and security leaders—but when you move into operational technology (OT), the rules change. In this episode of Redefining CyberSecurity, Sean Martin talks with Tobias Halmans, an incident responder at admeritia, who helps organizations prepare for and respond to incidents in OT environments. Tobias shares why disaster recovery planning in OT requires more than simply adapting IT frameworks. It demands a change in approach, mindset, and communication.

    OT engineers don’t think in terms of “ransomware readiness.” They think in terms of safety, uptime, manual fallback options, and how long a plant can stay operational without a SCADA system. As Tobias explains, while IT teams worry about backup integrity and rapid rebooting, OT teams are focused on whether shutting down a system—even safely—is even an option. And when the recovery plan depends on third-party vendors, the assumptions made on both sides can derail the response before it begins.

    Tobias walks us through the nuances of defining success in OT recovery. Unlike the IT world’s metrics like mean time to recover (MTTR), OT environments often hinge on production impacts and safety thresholds. Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs) still exist—but they must be anchored in real-world plant operations, often shaped by vendor limitations, legacy constraints, and tightly regulated safety requirements.

    Perhaps most importantly, Tobias stresses that business continuity planning for OT can’t just be a cybersecurity add-on. It must be part of broader risk and operational conversations, ideally happening when systems are being designed or upgraded. But in reality, many organizations are only starting these conversations now—often driven more by compliance mandates than proactive risk strategy.

    Whether you’re a CISO trying to bridge the gap with your OT counterparts or an engineer wondering why cyber teams keep showing up with playbooks that don’t fit, this conversation offers grounded, real-world insight into what preparedness really means for critical operations.

    ⬥SPONSORS⬥

    LevelBlue: https://itspm.ag/attcybersecurity-3jdk3

    ThreatLocker: https://itspm.ag/threatlocker-r974

    ⬥RESOURCES⬥

    Inspiring Article: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sarah-fluchs_notfallvorsorge-in-der-ot-traut-euch-activity-7308744270453092352-Q8X1

    ⬥ADDITIONAL INFORMATION⬥

    ✨ More Redefining CyberSecurity Podcast:

    🎧 https://www.seanmartin.com/redefining-cybersecurity-podcast

    Redefining CyberSecurity Podcast on YouTube:

    📺 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnYu0psdcllS9aVGdiakVss9u7xgYDKYq

    📝 The Future of Cybersecurity Newsletter: https://www.linkedin.com/newsletters/7108625890296614912/

    Interested in sponsoring this show with a podcast ad placement? Learn more:

    👉 https://itspm.ag/podadplc
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    50 m
  • Catching Up With Ken Munro After Infosecurity Europe 2025 — Hacking the Planet, One Car, One Plane, and One System at a Time | On Location Podcast With Sean Martin & Marco Ciappelli

    Catching Up With Ken Munro After Infosecurity Europe 2025 — Hacking the Planet, One Car, One Plane, and One System at a Time | On Location Podcast With Sean Martin & Marco Ciappelli
    Jul 17 2025
    Title: "Catching Up With Ken Munro After Infosecurity Europe 2025 — Hacking the Planet, One Car, One Plane, and One System at a Time"A Post–Infosecurity Europe 2025 Conversation with Ken MunroGuestsKen Munro Security writer & speakerhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/ken-munro-17899b1/HostsSean Martin, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazineWebsite: https://www.seanmartin.comMarco Ciappelli, Co-Founder, CMO, and Creative Director at ITSPmagazineWebsite: https://www.marcociappelli.com___________Episode SponsorsThreatLocker: https://itspm.ag/threatlocker-r974___________After a whirlwind week at Infosecurity Europe 2025, I had the chance to reconnect with Ken Munro from Pen Test Partners — a longtime friend, hacker, and educator who brings cybersecurity to life in the most tangible ways. From car hacking escape rooms to flight simulators in pubs, we talked about why touching tech matters, how myth-busting makes us safer, and how learning through play might just be the key to securing our increasingly complex world. Tune in, and maybe bring a cocktail.⸻There’s something special about catching up with someone who’s not just an expert in cybersecurity, but also someone who reminds you why this industry can — and should — be fun. Ken Munro and I go back to the early days of DEFCON’s Aviation Village, and this post-Infosecurity Europe 2025 chat brought all that hacker spirit right back to the surface.Ken and his crew from Pen Test Partners set up shop next to the main Infosecurity Europe venue in a traditional London pub — but this wasn’t your average afterparty. They transformed it into a hands-on hacking village, complete with a car demo, flight simulator, ICS cocktail CTF, and of course… a bar. The goal? Show that cybersecurity isn’t just theory — it’s something you can touch. Something that moves. Something that can break — and be fixed — before it breaks us.We talked about the infamous “Otto the Autopilot” from Airplane, the Renault Clio-turned-Mario Kart console, and why knowing how TCAS (collision avoidance) works on an Airbus matters just as much as knowing your Wi-Fi password. We also dug into the real-world cybersecurity concerns of industrial systems, electronic flight bags, and why European regulation might be outpacing the U.S. in some areas — for better or worse.One of the biggest takeaways? It’s time to stop fearing the hacker mindset and start embracing it. Curiosity isn’t a threat — it’s a superpower. And when channeled correctly, it leads to safer skies, smarter cars, and fewer surprises in the water we drink or the power we use.There’s a lot to reflect on from our conversation, but above all: education, community, and creativity are still the most powerful tools we have in security — and Ken is out there proving that, one demo and one pint at a time.Thanks again, Ken. See you at the next village — whichever pub, hangar, or DEFCON corner it ends up in.⸻Keywords: cybersecurity, ethical hacking, pen testing, Infosecurity Europe, embedded systems, car hacking, flight simulator, ICS security, industrial control systems, aviation cybersecurity, hacker mindset, DEFCON___________ResourcesLearn more and catch more stories from Infosecurity Europe 2025 London coverage: https://www.itspmagazine.com/infosec25Catch all of our event coverage: https://www.itspmagazine.com/technology-and-cybersecurity-conference-coverageWant to tell your Brand Story Briefing as part of our event coverage? Learn More 👉 https://itspm.ag/evtcovbrfWant Sean and Marco to be part of your event or conference? Let Us Know 👉 https://www.itspmagazine.com/contact-us___________
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    23 m
  • When AI Looks First: How Agentic Systems Are Reshaping Cybersecurity Operations | A Musing On the Future of Cybersecurity and Humanity with Sean Martin and TAPE3 | Read by TAPE3

    When AI Looks First: How Agentic Systems Are Reshaping Cybersecurity Operations | A Musing On the Future of Cybersecurity and Humanity with Sean Martin and TAPE3 | Read by TAPE3
    Jul 9 2025
    Before a power crew rolls out to check a transformer, sensors on the grid have often already flagged the problem. Before your smart dishwasher starts its cycle, it might wait for off-peak energy rates. And in the world of autonomous vehicles, lightweight systems constantly scan road conditions before a decision ever reaches the car’s central processor.These aren’t the heroes of their respective systems. They’re the scouts, the context-builders: automated agents that make the entire operation more efficient, timely, and scalable.Cybersecurity is beginning to follow the same path.In an era of relentless digital noise and limited human capacity, AI agents are being deployed to look first, think fast, and flag what matters before security teams ever engage. But these aren’t the cartoonish “AI firefighters” some might suggest. They’re logical engines operating at scale: pruning data, enriching signals, simulating outcomes, and preparing workflows with precision."AI agents are redefining how security teams operate, especially when time and talent are limited," says Kumar Saurabh, CEO of AirMDR. "These agents do more than filter noise. They interpret signals, build context, and prepare response actions before a human ever gets involved."This shift from reactive firefighting to proactive triage is happening across cybersecurity domains. In detection, AI agents monitor user behavior and flag anomalies in real time, often initiating mitigation actions like isolating compromised devices before escalation is needed. In prevention, they simulate attacker behaviors and pressure-test systems, flagging unseen vulnerabilities and attack paths. In response, they compile investigation-ready case files that allow human analysts to jump straight into action."Low-latency, on-device AI agents can operate closer to the data source, better enabling anomaly detection, threat triaging, and mitigation in milliseconds," explains Shomron Jacob, Head of Applied Machine Learning and Platform at Iterate.ai. "This not only accelerates response but also frees up human analysts to focus on complex, high-impact investigations."Fred Wilmot, Co-Founder and CEO of Detecteam, points out that agentic systems are advancing limited expertise by amplifying professionals in multiple ways. "Large foundation models are driving faster response, greater context and more continuous optimization in places like SOC process and tools, threat hunting, detection engineering and threat intelligence operationalization," Wilmot explains. "We’re seeing the dawn of a new way to understand data, behavior and process, while optimizing how we ask the question efficiently, confirm the answer is correct and improve the next answer from the data interaction our agents just had."Still, real-world challenges persist. Costs for tokens and computing power can quickly outstrip the immediate benefit of agentic approaches at scale. Organizations leaning on smaller, customized models may see greater returns but must invest in AI engineering practices to truly realize this advantage. "Companies have to get comfortable with the time and energy required to produce incremental gains," Wilmot adds, "but the incentive to innovate from zero to one in minutes should outweigh the cost of standing still."Analysts at Forrester have noted that while the buzz around so-called agentic AI is real, these systems are only as effective as the context and guardrails they operate within. The power of agentic systems lies in how well they stay grounded in real data, well-defined scopes, and human oversight. ¹ ²While approaches differ, the business case is clear. AI agents can reduce toil, speed up analysis, and extend the reach of small teams. As Saurabh observes, AI agents that handle triage and enrichment in minutes can significantly reduce investigation times and allow analysts to focus on the incidents that truly require human judgment.As organizations wrestle with a growing attack surface and shrinking response windows, the real value of AI agents might not lie in what they replace, but in what they prepare. Rob Allen, Chief Product Officer at ThreatLocker, points out, "AI can help you detect faster. But Zero Trust stops malware before it ever runs. It’s not about guessing smarter; it’s about not having to guess at all." While AI speeds detection and response, attackers are also using AI to evade defenses, making it vital to pair smart automation with architectures that deny threats by default and only allow what’s explicitly needed.These agents are the eyes ahead, the hands that set the table, and increasingly the reason why the real work can begin faster and smarter than ever before.References1. Forrester. (2024, February 8). Cybersecurity’s latest buzzword has arrived: What agentic AI is — and isn’t. Forrester Blogs. https://www.forrester.com/blogs/cybersecuritys-latest-buzzword-has-arrived-what-agentic-ai-is-and-isnt/ (cc: Allie Mellen and Rowan Curran)2. ...
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    5 m
  • From Feed to Foresight: Cyber Threat Intelligence as a Leadership Signal | A Musing On the Future of Cybersecurity and Humanity with Sean Martin and TAPE3 | Read by TAPE3

    From Feed to Foresight: Cyber Threat Intelligence as a Leadership Signal | A Musing On the Future of Cybersecurity and Humanity with Sean Martin and TAPE3 | Read by TAPE3
    Jul 2 2025
    Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is no longer just a technical stream of indicators or a feed for security operations center teams. In this episode, Ryan Patrick, Vice President at HITRUST; John Salomon, Board Member at the Cybersecurity Advisors Network (CyAN); Tod Beardsley, Vice President of Security Research at runZero; Wayne Lloyd, Federal Chief Technology Officer at RedSeal; Chip Witt, Principal Security Analyst at Radware; and Jason Kaplan, Chief Executive Officer at SixMap, each bring their perspective on why threat intelligence must become a leadership signal that shapes decisions far beyond the security team.From Risk Reduction to OpportunityRyan Patrick explains how organizations are shifting from compliance checkboxes to meaningful, risk-informed decisions that influence structure, operations, and investments. This point is reinforced by John Salomon, who describes CTI as a clear, relatable area of security that motivates chief information security officers to exchange threat information with peers — cooperation that multiplies each organization’s resources and builds a stronger industry front against emerging threats.Real Business ContextTod Beardsley outlines how CTI can directly support business and investment moves, especially when organizations evaluate mergers and acquisitions. Wayne Lloyd highlights the importance of network context, showing how enriched intelligence helps teams move from reactive cleanups to proactive management that ties directly to operational resilience and insurance negotiations.Chip Witt pushes the conversation further by describing CTI as a business signal that aligns threat trends with organizational priorities. Jason Kaplan brings home the reality that for Fortune 500 security teams, threat intelligence is a race — whoever finds the gap first, the defender or the attacker, determines who stays ahead.More Than DefenseThe discussion makes clear that the real value of CTI is not the data alone but the way it helps organizations make decisions that protect, adapt, and grow. This episode challenges listeners to see CTI as more than a defensive feed — it is a strategic advantage when used to strengthen deals, influence product direction, and build trust where it matters most.Tune in to hear how these leaders see the role of threat intelligence changing and why treating it as a leadership signal can shape competitive edge.________This story represents the results of an interactive collaboration between Human Cognition and Artificial Intelligence.Enjoy, think, share with others, and subscribe to "The Future of Cybersecurity" newsletter on LinkedIn.Sincerely, Sean Martin and TAPE3________Sean Martin is a life-long musician and the host of the Music Evolves Podcast; a career technologist, cybersecurity professional, and host of the Redefining CyberSecurity Podcast; and is also the co-host of both the Random and Unscripted Podcast and On Location Event Coverage Podcast. These shows are all part of ITSPmagazine—which he co-founded with his good friend Marco Ciappelli, to explore and discuss topics at The Intersection of Technology, Cybersecurity, and Society.™️Want to connect with Sean and Marco On Location at an event or conference near you? See where they will be next: https://www.itspmagazine.com/on-locationTo learn more about Sean, visit his personal website.
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    7 m
  • Hands-On, Job-Ready: A Fresh Approach to Building the Next Generation of Pen Testers | A White Knight Labs Brand Story With John Stigerwalt And Greg Hatcher

    Hands-On, Job-Ready: A Fresh Approach to Building the Next Generation of Pen Testers | A White Knight Labs Brand Story With John Stigerwalt And Greg Hatcher
    Jun 30 2025

    Getting a start in cybersecurity has never been easy — but for today’s aspiring pen testers, the entry barriers are even higher than they were a decade ago. In this conversation, Sean Martin and Marco Ciappelli sit down with Greg Hatcher and John Stigerwalt from White Knight Labs to unpack why they decided to flip the script on entry-level offensive security training.

    Greg, a former Army Special Operations communicator, and John, who got his break as a self-taught hacker, agree that the traditional path — expensive certifications and theoretical labs — doesn’t reflect the reality of the work. That’s why White Knight Labs is launching the Entry Level Pen Tester (ELPT) program. The idea is straightforward: make high-quality, practical training accessible to anyone, anywhere.

    Unlike other courses that focus purely on the technical side, the ELPT emphasizes the full skill set a junior pen tester needs. This means not just breaking into systems, but learning how to write clear reports, communicate effectively with clients, and operate as part of a real engagement team. John explains that even the best technical find is worthless if it’s not explained properly or delivered with clear guidance for fixing the issue.

    Greg points out that the team culture at White Knight Labs borrows from his Special Forces days — small, specialized teams where each individual goes deep on a specific domain but works in tight coordination with others. Their goal for trainees mirrors this: to develop focused, practical skills while understanding how their piece fits into bigger, complex attack scenarios.

    Affordability and global access are key parts of the mission. The team wants the ELPT to open doors for people who might not have thousands to spend on training. By combining hands-on labs, in-depth modules, real-world scenarios, and a tough final exam, they aim to ensure that passing the ELPT means you’re truly job-ready.

    For anyone considering a start in offensive security, this episode is a glimpse into a program designed to create more than just hackers — it’s building adaptable, communicative professionals ready to hit the ground running.

    Learn more about White Knight Labs: https://itspm.ag/white-knight-labs-vukr

    Guests:

    John Stigerwalt | Founder at White Knight Labs | Red Team Operations Leader | https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-stigerwalt-90a9b4110/

    Greg Hatcher | Founder at White Knight Labs | SOF veteran | Red Team | https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregoryhatcher2/

    ______________________

    Keywords: sean martin, marco ciappelli, greg hatcher, john stigerwalt, cybersecurity, pentesting, training, certification, whiteknightlabs, hacking, brand story, brand marketing, marketing podcast, brand story podcast

    ______________________

    Resources

    Visit the White Knight Labs Website to learn more: https://itspm.ag/white-knight-labs-vukr

    Learn more and catch more stories from White Knight Labs on ITSPmagazine: https://www.itspmagazine.com/directory/white-knight-labs

    Learn more about ITSPmagazine Brand Story Podcasts: https://www.itspmagazine.com/purchase-programs

    Newsletter Archive: https://www.linkedin.com/newsletters/tune-into-the-latest-podcasts-7109347022809309184/

    Business Newsletter Signup: https://www.itspmagazine.com/itspmagazine-business-updates-sign-up

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    40 m
  • When We See Technology as a System of Systems, It Changes Everything — Us, Society… and Even the Robots | Random and Unscripted with Sean Martin and Marco Ciappelli

    When We See Technology as a System of Systems, It Changes Everything — Us, Society… and Even the Robots | Random and Unscripted with Sean Martin and Marco Ciappelli
    Jun 30 2025

    In this Random and Unscripted episode, Marco Ciappelli and Sean Martin connect the dots between AI, robotics, connected systems, and human behavior. How do machines reshape society—and how do we reshape ourselves in response? A conversation born from their latest articles.

    This Random and Unscripted episode is exactly what the title promises—a raw, thoughtful exchange between Marco Ciappelli and Sean Martin, sparked by their most recent written reflections.

    The starting point? Two timely articles.

    Sean unpacks the complexity of securing connected environments—what happens when devices, vehicles, sensors, and platforms become part of something bigger? It’s no longer about protecting individual elements, but understanding how they operate as “systems of systems”—intertwined, dynamic, and vulnerable.

    Meanwhile, Marco revisits Robbie, Isaac Asimov’s iconic robot story, to explore how our relationship with technology evolves over time. What felt like distant science fiction in the 1980s now hits closer to home, as AI simulates understanding, machines mimic empathy, and humans blur the lines between organic and artificial.

    The discussion drifts from cybersecurity to human psychology, questioning how interacting with AI reshapes society—and whether our own behavior starts reflecting the technology we create.

    Machines are learning, systems are growing more complex, and somewhere along the way, humanity is changing too. Stay random. Stay curious.

    ⸻ 🔹 KEYWORDS: Random and Unscripted, AI, Robotics, Generative AI, System Security, Connected Systems, Asimov, Human-Machine Interaction, Technology and Society, Autonomous Systems, AI Ethics, Cybersecurity Conversations

    Hosts links:

    📌 Marco Ciappelli: https://www.marcociappelli.com
    📌 Sean Martin: https://www.seanmartin.com
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    20 m
  • Robbie, From Fiction to Familiar — Robots, AI, and the Illusion of Consciousness | A Musing On Society & Technology Newsletter Written By Marco Ciappelli | Read by TAPE3

    Robbie, From Fiction to Familiar — Robots, AI, and the Illusion of Consciousness | A Musing On Society & Technology Newsletter Written By Marco Ciappelli | Read by TAPE3
    Jun 29 2025
    ⸻ Podcast: Redefining Society and Technologyhttps://redefiningsocietyandtechnologypodcast.com _____________________________This Episode’s SponsorsBlackCloak provides concierge cybersecurity protection to corporate executives and high-net-worth individuals to protect against hacking, reputational loss, financial loss, and the impacts of a corporate data breach.BlackCloak: https://itspm.ag/itspbcweb_____________________________Robbie, From Fiction to Familiar — Robots, AI, and the Illusion of Consciousness June 29, 2025A new transmission from Musing On Society and Technology Newsletter, by Marco CiappelliI recently revisited one of my oldest companions. Not a person, not a memory, but a story. Robbie, the first of Isaac Asimov’s famous robot tales.It’s strange how familiar words can feel different over time. I first encountered Robbie as a teenager in the 1980s, flipping through a paperback copy of I, Robot. Back then, it was pure science fiction. The future felt distant, abstract, and comfortably out of reach. Robots existed mostly in movies and imagination. Artificial intelligence was something reserved for research labs or the pages of speculative novels. Reading Asimov was a window into possibilities, but they remained possibilities.Today, the story feels different. I listened to it this time—the way I often experience books now—through headphones, narrated by a synthetic voice on a sleek device Asimov might have imagined, but certainly never held. And yet, it wasn’t the method of delivery that made the story resonate more deeply; it was the world we live in now.Robbie was first published in 1939, a time when the idea of robots in everyday life was little more than fantasy. Computers were experimental machines that filled entire rooms, and global attention was focused more on impending war than machine ethics. Against that backdrop, Asimov’s quiet, philosophical take on robotics was ahead of its time.Rather than warning about robot uprisings or technological apocalypse, Asimov chose to explore trust, projection, and the human tendency to anthropomorphize the tools we create. Robbie, the robot, is mute, mechanical, yet deeply present. He is a protector, a companion, and ultimately, an emotional anchor for a young girl named Gloria. He doesn’t speak. He doesn’t pretend to understand. But through his actions—loyalty, consistency, quiet presence—he earns trust.Those themes felt distant when I first read them in the ’80s. At that time, robots were factory tools, AI was theoretical, and society was just beginning to grapple with personal computers, let alone intelligent machines. The idea of a child forming a deep emotional bond with a robot was thought-provoking but belonged firmly in the realm of fiction.Listening to Robbie now, decades later, in the age of generative AI, alters everything. Today, machines talk to us fluently. They compose emails, generate artwork, write stories, even simulate empathy. Our interactions with technology are no longer limited to function; they are layered with personality, design, and the subtle performance of understanding.Yet beneath the algorithms and predictive models, the reality remains: these machines do not understand us. They generate language, simulate conversation, and mimic comprehension, but it’s an illusion built from probability and training data, not consciousness. And still, many of us choose to believe in that illusion—sometimes out of convenience, sometimes out of the innate human desire for connection.In that context, Robbie’s silence feels oddly honest. He doesn’t offer comfort through words or simulate understanding. His presence alone is enough. There is no performance. No manipulation. Just quiet, consistent loyalty.The contrast between Asimov’s fictional robot and today’s generative AI highlights a deeper societal tension. For decades, we’ve anthropomorphized our machines, giving them names, voices, personalities. We’ve designed interfaces to smile, chatbots to flirt, AI assistants that reassure us they “understand.” At the same time, we’ve begun to robotize ourselves, adapting to algorithms, quantifying emotions, shaping our behavior to suit systems designed to optimize interaction and efficiency.This two-way convergence was precisely what Asimov spoke about in his 1965 BBC interview, which has been circulating again recently. In that conversation, he didn’t just speculate about machines becoming more human-like. He predicted the merging of biology and technology, the slow erosion of the boundaries between human and machine—a hybrid species, where both evolve toward a shared, indistinct future.We are living that reality now, in subtle and obvious ways. Neural implants, mind-controlled prosthetics, AI-driven decision-making, personalized algorithms—all shaping the way we experience life and interact with the world. The convergence isn’t on the horizon; it’s happening in real time.What ...
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    10 m
  • Inside the Mixtape Museum: Saving Cassettes and Stories to Preserve Our Musical DNA | A Conversation with Sommer McCoy | Music Evolves with Sean Martin

    Inside the Mixtape Museum: Saving Cassettes and Stories to Preserve Our Musical DNA | A Conversation with Sommer McCoy | Music Evolves with Sean Martin
    Jun 27 2025
    Guest and Host

    Guest: Regan Sommer McCoy, Chief Curator of Mixtape Museum | Website: https://sommer.nyc/

    Host: Sean Martin, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazine and Host of Redefining CyberSecurity Podcast & Music Evolves Podcast | Website: https://www.seanmartin.com/

    Show Notes

    In this episode of Music Evolves, host Sean Martin connects with Sommer McCoy, founder of the Mixtape Museum, to explore how a simple cassette tape became a cultural vehicle for creativity, connection, and entrepreneurship—especially within hip hop. Sommer’s journey starts with managing hip hop artists like the Clipse, where a label dispute revealed the real power of mixtapes as grassroots distribution tools when the industry’s gatekeepers were roadblocks.

    Sommer describes mixtapes as more than just homemade compilations; they are living archives of personal and collective history. From recording DJ sets off the radio to carefully curating tapes for summer camp, these stories form a thread that binds generations. Through the Mixtape Museum, Sommer captures not only the tapes themselves but also the hidden data inside—the handwritten J-cards, the audio quality that degrades with each copy, and the layers of social exchange that gave rise to underground music scenes.

    What’s striking is that the Mixtape Museum does not seek to own every cassette but instead to document, digitize, and study them. Sommer, a database manager by day, focuses on preserving the stories and metadata behind each tape, spotlighting the artists, DJs, collectors, and communities that sustained the mixtape era. Supported by a Grammy Preservation Grant, she’s already digitized dozens of tapes while helping other collectors understand how to safeguard their archives.

    The conversation touches on how mixtapes laid the groundwork for today’s playlists and streaming culture—yet today’s digital curation lacks the physical, handcrafted artistry that made each cassette unique. Sommer’s mission is to encourage collectors and students alike to look deeper: to uncover forgotten shoebox treasures in attics, to share memories, and to research how these tapes shaped music and culture long before social algorithms took over.

    At its heart, the Mixtape Museum is an open invitation to honor the past while inspiring new ways to think about music’s role in documenting who we are. For Sommer, each cassette holds more than songs—it holds a memory worth saving.

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    Resources

    Mixtape Museum: https://mixtapemuseum.org/

    More From Sean Martin on ITSPmagazine

    More from Music Evolves: https://www.seanmartin.com/music-evolves-podcast

    Music Evolves on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnYu0psdcllTRJ5du7hFDXjiugu-uNPtW

    On Location with Sean and Marco: https://www.itspmagazine.com/on-location

    ITSPmagazine YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@itspmagazine

    Be sure to share and subscribe!
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    56 m