We begin the Testament of Luke which starts us off with the story of Jesus coming for humankind. TESTAMENT 17. Gospel of Luke (Chapter 1.1)

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England doggedly pursue strengthening their fledgling foothold on the eastern shores of the continent (1497-1618), determined to make their mark in the New World’s Northern Hemisphere.

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In biblical times, leprosy was often viewed as a divine punishment, a mark of sin or impurity. Such beliefs fostered fear, ostracism, and discrimination. The biblical portrayals of leprosy reinforced a narrative that associated it with moral wrongdoing, leading to social exclusion and isolation. But what is Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s Disease? And how exactly does scripture employ this terrible affliction in its teachings? E166.

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Audio credits: Unpacking the Mass podcast with Keith Nester, 6th Sunday in Ordinary Time - February 11, 2024 (07feb2024, Down To Earth Ministry). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception states that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. The Catholic Church, particularly the Latin Rite, follows the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, which states that Mary was conceived without original sin. Other denominations that follow it include some Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Churches, though the understanding and formulation differ, and many other Protestant denominations do not accept the doctrine. The Immaculate Conception is celebrated annually on December 8th as a solemn feast day, whose observance began with a Papal encyclical by Pope Pius IX, when he formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854.

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Audio credits: Truth Unites podcast with Gavin Ortlund-The Immaculate Conception, A Protestant Appraisal (Aug. 31, 2023); Saint of the Day with Mike Roberts (Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception Dec. 9, 2024); Saint of the Day: The Conception of the Most Holy Mother of God by Deacon Jerome Atherholt and Ancient Faith Ministries (20jul2025). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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The hymnal prayer "Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us" originates from the Book of John and the Book of Revelation in the Bible, and has been incorporated into Christian liturgy by its Latin name, Agnus Dei (meaning Lamb of God) since at least the 7th century. The phrase originates with John the Baptist's declaration, who, upon seeing Jesus, proclaimed, "Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!" (John 1:29). This was a symbolic reference to the Passover lamb, an unblemished animal sacrificed to deliver the Israelites from slavery. that Jesus is the "Lamb of God". The prayer was officially added to the Roman Rite around the late 7th century and is now a standard part of the Catholic and many other Christian masses, typically occurring during the breaking of the consecrated bread before communion. The worship of the "slain, yet triumphant" Lamb in the New testament Book of Revelation is a vision of the risen Christ, which reinforces the "Lamb of God" imagery in the heavenly liturgy. The prayer acknowledges Christ as the ultimate sacrifice, whose death provides a way for believers to be freed from the bondage of sin. It calls for mercy upon the worshipers and, in its third invocation, asks for peace.

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The Immaculate Conception is the dogma that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. This doctrine states that Mary was preserved from the "stain of sin" from the first moment of her conception through a unique grace from God, granted in anticipation of her role as the mother of Jesus. The Immaculate Conception is celebrated annually on December 8th as a solemn feast day, whose observance began with a Papal encyclical by Pope Pius IX, when he formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854. Several years later, in 1858, the Blessed Mother gave her name to St. Bernadette at Lourdes stating, "I am the Immaculate Conception." A Protestant theologian and pastor offers an interesting appraisal of the Roman Catholic dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

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Audio credits: Truth Unites podcast with Gavin Ortlund - The Immaculate Conception, A Protestant Appraisal (Aug. 31, 2023). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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A New Testament figure venerated as a saint in a number of Christian traditions, Nicodemus is depicted in the Gospel of John as a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin who is drawn to hear Jesus's teachings. Owing to his insistence on a hearing for Jesus according to Jewish law, Nicodemus is sometimes referred to as 'defender of Jesus.' E165.

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Audio credits: Barron’s Sunday Sermons-Nicodemus Came at Night, Episode #213, 10mar2021 (Word on Fire Catholic Ministries). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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Advent is a four-week period of preparation for Christmas that Christians observe by remembering the birth of Jesus and looking forward to his return. E159.

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• Audio Credits: Word on Fire Show podcast with Bishop Robert Barron and Brandon Vogt (episode 156, The Advent Revolution, 03dec2018). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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