In our last episode, Ben Eveslage described what happened when U.S. global assistance suddenly stopped. Programs froze, but local partners kept showing up. Community organizations, peer educators, community volunteers, and community health workers were the ones who held things together when everything else fell away.

This episode with Mananza Koné, USAID Côte d’Ivoire’s first Localization Officer, helps explain why that was possible. Known as “Mama Localization,” she spent years strengthening the systems, trust, and leadership that helped local organizations in Côte d’Ivoire expand their programs and deepen their impact as they partnered with USAID. Her work shows what it looks like when investments are made not just in projects, but in people and the systems they carry.

When the funding ended, it was those community networks that kept care moving. The referral system, made up of volunteers and community health workers who made sure people got to the clinic, received medication, kept appointments, and stayed in care, continued on even with little to no pay or support. It is exactly the kind of community-driven structure localization was meant to reinforce and one that proved its strength when everything else fell apart.

Listening to Ben and Mananza together shows both sides of this moment. Ben saw the resilience of local partners in real time. Mananza helped build the foundation that made that resilience possible. Her message is clear. The talent, systems, and networks built over decades still exist. They are not a waste, and now is the time to listen to communities, invest in them, and invest in the systems that have proven to endure.

Thank you for listening and supporting these stories. If you’re able, becoming a paid subscriber helps sustain this work.

As we close out our focus on World AIDS Day, we talk with Ben Eveslage about a path that starts in suburban Michigan and extends across Ghana, Iraq, East Africa, and beyond, and the photography project he created to capture the people behind the HIV response.

Ben shares how coming of age online opened his world and connected him to people far outside the borders of the United States. That instinct to seek out real stories shaped his decade working on HIV programs supported by the U.S. Government, where he helped move outreach into digital spaces that offered safety, belonging, and accurate information to communities often pushed into the shadows.

We also talk about the moment that changed everything. After the 2025 stop-work order, the immediate halt of U.S.-funded global assistance, Ben watched appointments collapse in real time as clinics shut down, outreach ended, and staff lost their jobs. Rather than step back, he got on a plane.

This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a paid subscriber.

What followed became Holding the Line, his storytelling and photography project documenting the frontline health workers and local organizations who continued serving their communities even after U.S. funding disappeared. Ben traveled through Ghana, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, and South Africa, sitting with people who had every reason to give up and yet kept going.

Through these stories, we talk about what it means to meet people where they are, how stigma can be more dangerous than disease, and why treatment alone cannot replace trust, dignity, or hope. Ben’s journey reminds us that global development is not defined by budgets or policy memos. It is defined by people, their resilience, their belief in one another, and their refusal to stop showing up.

About Holding the Line

Documentary photography from the frontline of the global response to HIV.Ben took time away from his formal role to travel across seven African countries to meet with local organizations and document their ongoing work. His photography captures the people who kept delivering HIV services after U.S. funding stopped.Explore the project and subscribe at holdingtheline.blog.

In last week’s episode, Eric Smith shared how USAID’s Office of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility worked to build an agency where people felt seen, valued, and included. That conversation served as a reminder that inclusion is not just a workplace ideal—it’s a strategy for better outcomes.

This week, we carry that idea into the world of HIV.

I’m joined by Kent Klindera, who spent more than three decades working with sex workers, transgender communities, gay men, people who inject drugs, and others whose lives have always been deeply shaped by social exclusion. Kent makes one truth impossible to ignore: you cannot end HIV with treatment alone. People don’t live in laboratories—they live in families, in communities, inside legal systems that either protect them or push them underground.

Throughout our conversation, Kent unpacks what he witnessed as the first HIV Peace Corps volunteer in Thailand in 1988, and later across Uganda, South Africa, Botswana, and at USAID. He explains why criminalization fuels transmission, how stigma keeps people from returning for care, and what happens when drop-in centers and trusted relationships disappear overnight. He also shares the story of a young peer educator in rural Uganda. A moment that captures the weight people carry when the world around them refuses to make room for their whole selves.

This episode is a clear reminder that HIV work has always been about far more than medication. It’s about safety. It’s about dignity. It’s about belonging. And it’s about the systems and people that help someone stay connected to care when life becomes overwhelming.

If you’ve ever wondered what truly drives epidemic control, or why inclusive policies and community-led care matter as much as science, this conversation with Kent will shift the way you think about health.

Help These Stories Reach More People

Before USAID was dismantled, one small office was trying to bring the full breadth of America into public service. Eric Smith grew up in Massachusetts with Catholic values, conservative media, and a fascination with the Founding Fathers. That mix eventually led him to USAID, where he worked to expand who gets to serve and why it mattered.

Eric explains how his team partnered with universities across the Midwest and South, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions, Tribal Colleges, and rural schools, creating new pathways for students who rarely saw themselves in global development. These partnerships were not only about representation. They also strengthened programs that connected U.S. students to real global challenges.

He reflects on what diversity and inclusion looked like overseas, how colonial histories shaped equity conversations with mission staff, and how initiatives like Feed the Future gave American agricultural students hands-on research experience abroad and brought valuable knowledge back to farms and universities at home.

Then came the forty-eight-hour notice that shut it all down.

🎧 Listen to Global Development Interrupted on Substack, Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and YouTube.

In 2014, Ebola reached U.S. shores—a wake-up call that pandemics anywhere can threaten communities everywhere. In response, the United States with other countries and international organizations launched the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), a global partnership to prevent, detect, and respond to emerging diseases before they spread.

In this episode, former USAID Senior Public Health Advisor Ashna Kibria reflects on how the U.S. strengthened outbreak preparedness systems around the world and what’s at stake now that USAID is gone. From building early warning networks to partnering with governments, researchers, and the private sector, Ashna helped design programs that connected public health, agriculture, and environmental systems to stop outbreaks before they started. She also led efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the world’s most urgent and overlooked health threats.

Today, those global partnerships continue but with reduced U.S. coordination and support. As new outbreaks emerge, the world is reminded that health security depends on shared responsibility, not isolation.

Listen to learn how USAID’s partnerships once formed a quiet frontline against pandemics—and what it means now that those defenses have shifted to others.

Subscribe to Global Development Interrupted for more stories about global health, diplomacy, and what happens when development is disrupted.

Dr. George Siberry, former Chief Medical Officer in USAID’s Office of HIV/AIDS, has spent his career at the heart of the global fight against HIV. A pediatrician by training, George began his journey translating for children with HIV in Baltimore and went on to help shape the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) approach to prevention, treatment, and care around the world. In this conversation, he reflects on the evolution of HIV and the programs created to fight it—from stigma and isolation to people-centered health—and what it takes to build systems that strengthen communities and improve health outcomes rather than treating diseases in isolation.

As USAID’s dismantling leaves critical partnerships fractured and PEPFAR’s future uncertain, George speaks candidly about grief, loss, and the work of rebuilding trust. He makes a powerful case for why America’s investments in global health were never just acts of charity—they were expressions of diplomacy, innovation, and shared humanity.

If this conversation resonated with you, take a moment to like, share, or comment. It helps more people find Global Development Interrupted and keeps these stories alive.

Migration begins long before someone reaches a border — in the loss of stability, opportunity, and trust that makes it impossible to stay.

For decades, USAID helped address those root causes by strengthening democratic institutions, supporting communities, and building stability before crises took hold. It was one of the few agencies designed to prevent displacement rather than respond to it.

In this clip, Jeremy Williammee, former USAID Director of Democracy and Governance for El Salvador and Central America, reflects on what happens when that work disappears.

Watch the full episode to hear our conversation.

What does it mean to lead with service, not fear?

In this episode, former USAID Democracy and Governance Director Jeremy Williamee shares how investing in local governments and community stability helped address the root causes of migration—long before people reached the border. From small-town New York to Central America, his story is a quiet reminder that lasting security comes not from walls or fear, but from opportunity, dignity, and trust in the places people call home.

Listen wherever you get your podcasts, and subscribe on Substack for more stories from Global Development Interrupted.