In recognition of this month's celebrations honoring the end of legal slavery in the United States, we bring you this week a conversation on "A New Birth of Freedom: Commemorating Juneteenth in Kentucky" led by Dr. Patrick Lewis, of the Filson Historical Society, back on June 18, 2021 - the first year that Juneteenth was recognized as a federal holiday. Watch recording at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8e5L7a1pME Dr. Patrick Lewis is now the President of the Filson Historical Society. A Trigg County native, he graduated from Transylvania University and holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Kentucky. He has worked for the National Park Service and the Kentucky Historical Society. Lewis is author of For Slavery and Union: Benjamin Buckner and Kentucky Loyalties in the Civil War (2015). Emancipation in the United States was over 200 years in the making by the time the 13th Amendment officially ended human bondage in 1865. The Juneteenth National Independence Day Act was signed into law in 2021, making Juneteenth a federal holiday. But earlier versions of the holiday have been celebrated in the South since the mid-1860s. Kentucky recognized the holiday in 2005 through a proclamation by the General Assembly. In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky in 1809, signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that individuals enslaved in Confederate territories were to be freed. Effective January 1, 1863, the legal status of millions of enslaved individuals in the Southern states changed, but the Proclamation depended heavily on the Union Army for enforcement, with most Southern enslavers ignoring the executive order. Beyond the Confederacy, enslaved people in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were unaffected by the Emancipation Proclamation. Being a geographic outlier from the Confederacy, Texas was especially slow and inconsistent in enforcing the Proclamation, and many African Americans remained enslaved. On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger issued General Order No. 3 and declared all persons previously enslaved in Texas to be freed. Supported by more than 2,000 federal troops, General Granger was finally prepared to enforce the emancipation of Texas’s enslaved population. The following year, on the anniversary of the order, free African Americans in Texas organized celebrations to commemorate the occasion, originally calling it “Jubilee Day.” Outside of the South, Maryland and Missouri had both ended slavery within their state boundaries by early 1865. However, it wasn’t until the ratification of the 13th Amendment on December 6, 1865, that slavery was fully abolished in the United States, forcing Kentucky and Delaware to recognize the freedom of their enslaved population. In Texas, joyous events commemorating the end of slavery evolved over the years with one major change: renaming the holiday Juneteenth in the 1890s. Following the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, Juneteenth events emerged on a bigger stage throughout the country. In Louisville in 2020, local organizers, activists, and leaders created a Juneteenth festival to celebrate Black culture and resilience. Two years later in 2022, former Mayor Greg Fischer signed an ordinance that declared Juneteenth a city holiday. In Kentucky, the most widespread regional celebration of Jubilee Day is August 8th, a date originating from Paducah and Western Kentucky’s diaspora. This year, the Filson is helping sponsor and support the August 8th Emancipation Day Celebration at Louisville’s West End Women’s Collaborative, led by Filson Community History Fellow Mariel Gardner on Friday, August 8th, 5pm - 8pm at ELAhouse, 3835 Hale Avenue Louisville, KY 40211. https://www.wewc4art.com/play Truth to Power airs every Friday at 9pm, Saturday at 11am, and Sunday at 7pm on Louisville's grassroots, community radio station, Forward Radio 106.5fm WFMP and live streams at https://forwardradio.org
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