Kia ora! This week I wanted to speak on something that I still mess-up often on. Apposition's, Kianga Whakamarama,

Firstly, what purpose does a kianga whakamarama serve? Well, per the kupu, it elaborates and gives further information to a sentence.

In English, Ray Harlow [A Maori Reference Grammar, pg. 166] gives the below example to show us that it is the second phrase which gives the extra detail to the first phrase.

"Dr Hohepa, the Maori Language Commissioner, addressed the conference."

In the reo, it is similar, but the difference is that we repeat the preposition.

"ki a taua, ki te Maori, he mea nui tenei." (Karetu 1974:51)

"Ko tenei manu, ko te kotuku, me uaua ke ka kitea." (Karetu 1974:51)

Wetereo: Kianga whakamarama

Noho raupapa ai nga kianga, penei i te kianga puhono, i te kianga tuingoa, kia whakamaramatia ai te tuatahi e te tuarua.

Ma te reo maori nei, ka noho hangai ko tera kianga ko tera kianga, takoto ngatahi ai, a, ko te puhono ia, e whakaruatia.

whakatauki - Hei aha ma te rora? What purpose does being cowardly serve you? [Te Kohikohinga Whakatauki a Raupo, pg. 28]

Kia ora! I love this time of year. I'm definitely that type that gets excited for new year, new goals, new aspirations and so I thought a good topic to speak on would be some conversation starters in Te Reo. I've grouped it by category, hopefully these are helpful.

whakatauki - E hoa ma, ina te ora o te tangata. [Te kohikohinga whakatauki a Raupo pg. 56]

- Maori rawa ake i te mea "kia makona, ara bon appetit"

wetereo - ranei [https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/6466]

nunui ana tikanga, a ko ta tatou, ko te tuarima e ai ki Te Aka, ara "Te whakamohiohio atu ki te maha o nga kowhiringa, me te mea hoki, horekau ke kotahi noa iho te whakautu. Ka tuaruatia anoki.

He Minamina, He Ratarata

[Interests, Hobbies]

Ki te whakata ana koe, he pewhea koia kia manawareka pai ai ki a koe ake?

[Whenever you take a break, whats your go to way to enjoy it, in your opinion?]

Manakonako ranei koe ki tetahi ahuatanga hou? Tena, whakina mai.

[Do you have any keen interests you've yet to experience? Please, do share.]

E rata pai ana koe ki nga waiata aha, ki nga whakaata aha, ki aha atu ranei ki aha atu ranei?

[Do you have songs you like? movies you like? Or anything of that sort?]

Me he manu rere koe, ko whea atu koe e rere ai?

[If you were a bird, what is the name of a place you would fly to?]

He pukapuka ranei e tino mau ki roto ki a koe?

[Is there a book which has really stuck with you?]

Ko Nga Ritenga, Ko Nga Tikanga.

[Daily Life and Preferences]

ko te ata ranei, ko te po ranei?

[Are you a morning person, or a night owl?]

Ko ta te whakatauki nei, mahau anake te kai pai, a he aha ia te kai pai ki a koe?

[Based on this proveb, "Only the best food for you", what in fact are the "best" foods, in your opinion?]

He mokai ranei aau?

[Do you have any pets?]

He aha aau kia rongo mauritau ai koe?

[What do you do to unwind and relax?]

He Atawhakaaro, He Hokinga Mahara.

[Contemplation and Reflection]

He wheako ranei nou i tino huhua ke noa atu ai te whaioranga ki a koe?

[Have you had any experiences which were completely life-changing for you?]

He taumahatanga ranei kua whakatupu tangata pai koe i rangona ai e koe?

[Have you had any hardships which you feel have made you a better person?]

Maro tonu to pumau ki tewhea tikanga ranei, ki tewhea ritenga ranei, ki tewhea ahuatanga ranei?

[Do you have any firm point of views, beliefs, or anything of that nature?]

Nonaia tonu nei ranei nga paparinga i menemene mai ai? A, na te aha hoki?

[Recently has your cheeks hurt from smiling and laughing? If so, what from?]

He Pohewa Parekareka

[Fun and Hypothetical]

Mena he kurahuna nou, he kurahuna aha nou?

[If you had a superpower, what type of superpower would you have?]

He whakamanu ranei, he whakakuri ranei, a he kararehe aha atu ranei, hei mangai mo Tamaroto?

[Bird transformation, dog transformation or some other animal, which one would aaccurately reflect your inner self?]

Kua whanoke rawa atu ranei tetahi o ou moemoea. Tena, whakina mai?

[Experienced any funny/strange dreams? Please do share.]

Kia ora ra e te whanau! It's Xmas so I thought today's episode can follow theme.

Whakatauki - Me oioi ki te ringa ka puta te tama a Upokoroa. [Kohikohinga Whakatauki a Raupo, pg 54]

Pangapanga:

1. Mele Kalikimaka. No tewhea reo te mihi nei? - He reo Hawaii.
2. Tuturu ranei ki te reo Hawaii taua mihi na a Mele Kalikimaka? He kupu mino ke mai ranei? - Kupu mino mai.
3. Mo te kararehe nei a Ruana. Ko Ruana ihu aha ra ia? - Ko Ruana ihu wherowhero
4. Mo te waiata nei, He manu aha kei ro rakau ponga? - He Pukeko.
5. E whia ra ia nga kararehe kawe waka o Hana Koko? - E iwa.
6. Whakahuahuatia aua kararehe ingoa?

Ko Tata - Dasher (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/7620)

Ko Kani - Dancer (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/2171)

Ko Hiteki - Prancer (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/1272)

Ko Nunakia - Vixen (Play on words perhaps? Nanakia meaning tricky/crafty - Nunakia was the name of a ship https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/30011)

Ko Unahiroa - Comet (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/15093)

Ko Kuata - Cupid (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/42540)

Ko Whaitiri - Donner (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/9332)

Ko Uira - Blitzen (https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/8872)

Ko Ruana - Rudolf

He panui:

He mihi meri kirihimete no te tau 1898. Jubilee : Te Tiupiri, Volume 1, Issue 45, 22 December 1898, Page 1 [ https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/JUBIL18981222.2.4 ]

Wetewete:

he mihi nui ake i roto i te ngakau mo tona kitenga i te ra whakamaharatanga i whanau ai to tatou Ariki a Ihu Karaiti

He Kirihimete haringa, me te tau hou.

Ko te kite a te tinana tangata, ko te korero a te mangai tangata.

Kia ora! So this week I found and interesting piece from one of the very first Maori grammar books written.

A grammar and vocabulary of the language of New Zealand, [Thomas Kendall, 1778?-1832., Church Missionary Society, London, 1820].

The phrase is "Mou tenei toki". The implied meaning is "For you is this axe", however the use of using "mou" here signals that the axe is to be used on said person, rather than being used by the person. This nuance of A & O can drastically change the intention of a phrase.

It reminds me of the awkward Coca-Cola ad "Kia ora Mate!"

Anyways I've included references to additional writings regarding A and O by Ray Harlow.

Ta Rei Harau - e noho a ana nga taputapu hei whakamahia ai e te tangata.

Small, portable objects which are owned by the possessor, eg books, toys, tools, cups. The reason for the a in these cases is control - the possessor controls, carries or manipulates the possessum. [pg. 141, A Maori Reference Grammar, Harlow.]

This one is from the Te Wiremu:

He nohoanga moku e ngaro ai ahau i toku hoa ngangare. - A resting place for me where I shall be hidden from my enemy. [pg. 73, Te Wiremu]

References for the whakatauki and pangapanga are below:

whakatauki - he kotuku kai whakaata.[pg. 28 Te Kohikohinga Whakatauki a Raupo.]

pangapanga:

1. Ko whea te whenua e tu ana te hanganga nei a Ipo Tiketike ara, Eiffel Tower? - Wiwi, Parani, France
2. Na wai te ruri rongonui nei a Romeo raua ko Hurieta, ara Romeo and Juliet? - Wiremu Hakipea - William Shakespeare
3. Ko te wahine nei a Mea i whakamaoritia ra taua pukapuka. Ko wai tona ingoa? - Te Haumihiata Mason
4. I tangia ai te Mona Riha, ara Mona Lisa e wai? - Nihorarau Te Whiti - Leonardo DaVinci
5. Ko te tarakona nei, a Komoto, he kararehe aha a ia? - He mokomoko, he taniwha - Lizard.

Kia ora ra e te iwi! I have a Patreon where I hope to add some additional value. If you'd like the kaupapa, and you appreciate this mahi, you can give a koha here:

A Maori Podcast

Kia ora! Today I thought I'd put side by side the Reo and Ta Re so you can get an idea of the differences. You can read the full Ta Re version here:

If you are interested in learning more about Ta Re Moriori, Hokotehi Moriori is the place to check out.

I also wanted to share some thoughts on my own interpretation of words and phrases. The ones I cover in todays episode are the following (left is Ta Re, right is Te Reo)

k' = ka

tchuwhatii = tuara whati?/ tuara whati ai? (Alexander Shand says tchuwhatii is 'a piko noa' regarding the bent over nature of a kaumatua)

ro = haere?/aro?/roto?

i = he

ka = ka (Kai Tahu dialect) / nga

tchiei = kihei/kihai

eneti = hoki

Whakatauki - Kaua e hinga mai ki runga i a au, ka pa ia na he urunga oneone ko te urunga mau tonu - Do not lean on me as if I were a pillow made of earth that would remain firm. pg. 77, Te Kohinga Whakatauki a Raupo.

Kia ora ra e te iwi! I have a Patreon where I hope to add some additional value. If you'd like the kaupapa, and you appreciate this mahi, you can give a koha here:

A Maori Podcast

Paetaonga (Patreon) is where I aim to early release episodes. It is usually a week in advance. So if you want to tune in early. Please consider me checking it out there.

Tena tatou! I have always had a great interest in languages. My desire to improve my own Maori language speaking ability naturally created an interest in Ta Re Moriori, a completely separate language which is native to Rekohu, an island off the coast of Te Waipounamu.

This episode is an attempt at what I think the language possibly sounds like when spoken, I am indeed no expert at all, and this is all just my own thoughts on how it could possibly sound. I draw on my knowledge of Reo Maori and Olelo Kanaka to help me infer the sound, rhythm and cadence of Ta Re Moriori.

If you are interested in learning more of Ta Re, Moriori Hokotehi is a great resource. They are the kaitiaki of this taonga, and as Ta Re is their language, they would be the experts.

The excerpt I read from is from Alexander Shand's attempt to document the language. Below is the reference and the exact reading.

I noho a Manaii i tona kaing'(a) i Hawaiki, a k' whanau anǎ tamiriki, a tchuwhatii, ka mè etu a Manaii ki a' tamiriki; "Ka ro kotau ko ro ta ngaherehere ki tapahi i ta rakau, tona ingō(ǎ) i Akepĭrĭ, ka hing'(a) i a kotau, ko wawahi kia okowha ka tana, ka tarei ei e tao".

A here ana ka tǎma a Manaii, heau an'(ǎ) ta rakau ra tch Akepiri, wawahi an', okowha ka taha, ka tau, ka tau eneti ta maha ki ka tamiriki a Manaii. Tarei ana e ratau a, ka oti ka tao okowha; kanei ka tchiro etu ki ta iho o ta ratau rakau; tahuri ana ka tamiriki a Manaii ki tarei i ta iho o ta ratau rakau, tchiei hoki te e ratau i tarei k' humarii ta iho o ta ratau rakau, tchiei pou tohu ka ro-a-me hokowiriwiri ta iho, e miro hoki ta iho o tchia rakau. Nunei a pange ingana, here ei ka rangat'(a) ki ri kaing', ki etu anǎ ki to ratau matū(a); "Ekore i tē tarei ta iho o ta tatau rakau ke tika". I tch ata ka ki etu eneti a Manaii ki o' tama; "Here eneti ra ki tarei i ta iho o ta kotau rakau k' humarii." Ka ui etu a Manaii, "Ehi ka 'e ka tao o ta kotau rakau?" Ke me mai ka tama a Manaii ki aii; "Okowha."

THE MORIORI PEOPLE OF THE CHATHAM ISLANDS: THEIR TRADITIONS AND HISTORY. Ko

matangi-ao. Chapter III.—Manaii (or Manaia), Kahukaka and Porotehiti

Author(s): Alexander Shand

Source:

The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 3, No. 4 (DECEMBER, 1894), pp. 187-198

Kia ora ra e te iwi! I have a Patreon where I hope to add some additional value. If you'd like the kaupapa, and you appreciate this mahi, you can give a koha here:

A Maori Podcast

Tena tatou!

I thought I'd also give a breakdown of a few of the phrases I delivered in the Maori interpretation which I gave in the previous episode. Hopefully you find these helpful. Kia ora!

Tutuki anake i a matou, ko etahi mea noa iho, ko etahi atu, korekore rawa.

[Some things are in our control, and others are not.]

references: Te Aka Maori Dictionary ( tutuki, i - example 8. ), The Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Edward Tregear, pg 11. (Anake - Entirely, completly, without exception.)

Ko aua mea e taea ai e matou te tutuki, i runga ano i to matou ake mana, koianei:

[Things in our control are]

Ko era atu mea, e kore e taea, ara ko nga mea nei, ko te tinana tupu pai ai, ka tahi... ara noa, ko nga mea katoa, no waho ke.

[things not in our control are, body...and, in one word, whatever are not our own actions.]

Tena, kia mahara mai, koi pohehetia e koe, ko nga mea tapu, ara, ko nga mea no waho ke, e noa kau ana e taea ai e koe te tutuki i runga ano i tou ake mana, Ata! Ki te pera, ka porearea koe, ka tangiweto koe, ka riria ai nga atua, ka riria ai nga tupuna,

[Remember, then, that if you suppose that things which are slavish by nature are also free, and that what belongs to others is your own, then you will be hindered. You will lament, you will be disturbed, and you will find fault both with gods and men.]

references: Te Aka Maori Dictionary (ata)

"nahaku noa i tutuki, ka ora. Ta tena, nana i tutuki, ka ora, ta tena, nana i tutuki, ka ora!" A, ki te penei, korekau koe e porearea. Korekore ai to mouri, e mouri oho, e mouri rere, a, ka mouritau, ka mouri ora.

[But if you suppose that only to be your own which is your own, and what belongs to others such as it really is, then no one will ever compel you or restrain you. Further, you will find fault with no one or accuse no one. You will do nothing against your will. No one will hurt you, you will have no enemies, and you not be harmed.]

Na reira, whakatakina e koe te tikanga nei, me te tuhi hoki ki tou rae, a, whakarongo mai. "Mahaku ano te tinana, mahau ke, ko te ata kau".

[Work, therefore to be able to say to every harsh appearance, "You are but an appearance, and not absolutely the thing you appear to be."]

references: Te Kohikohinga Whakatauki a Raupo, Brougham, Reed, revised by Karetu. pg. 87 ("Mau ano te tinana, maku te ata o te tapara kau atu e. - For you the reality, for me only the shadow of desire.")

Na reira, mehemea tupono atu ranei koe ki tetahi ahuatanga, whakawawa ai ia ma taua tikanga, me te uiui nei "mahaku ano ranei te tinana?" Ki te kore, mea whakahoki atu, "E koe! Mahau ke, ko te ata kau." Waiho i kona, a, hei ahatanga ra ia.

[And then examine it by those rules which you have, and first, and chiefly, by this: whether it concerns the things which are in our own control, or those which are not; and, if it concerns anything not in our control, be prepared to say that it is nothing to you.]