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生物漫游指南

生物漫游指南

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从生命科学的角度一起聊聊这个世界!奶树 Ciencia Ciencias Biológicas
Episodios
  • 肠胃病专家怎么就成了反疫苗之父|反疫苗A面
    Jun 4 2025

    久违的又来更新AB面故事,特朗普上台让反疫苗的小肯尼迪担任美国卫生与公众服务部部长,而最近二十年的这场反疫苗运动,得从1998年的一篇关于麻腮风MMR三联疫苗与自闭症相关的论文开始讲起,我们这一期,就来唠一下,这个研究是怎么开展的?为什么安德鲁·韦克菲尔德会被称为“反疫苗运动之父”?他明明是个肠胃病专家,怎么就研究起疫苗与自闭症的关系了?

    加听友群:bio_kiwi

    新播客:3分钟科学漫游

    时间点:

    00:22 引入:小肯尼迪与反疫苗

    13:55 安德鲁·韦克菲尔德的早年经历与肠胃病研究

    40:17 韦克菲尔德开始转向自闭症与疫苗关联的研究

    1:13:58 1998年文章发表之后,遭遇质疑、辞职但是风生水起

    涉及BGM:

    George Benson - Thunder Walk

    安德烈·波切利 - Con te partirò

    相关参考资料:

    布莱恩·迪尔《欺骗世界的医生:“反疫苗运动之父” 与一场跨越世纪的医学骗局》

    Andrew J. Wakefield, Jenny McCarthy 《Callous Disregard: Autism and Vaccines--The Truth Behind a Tragedy-Skyhorse 》

    Offit, Paul A 《Autism's false prophets: bad science, risky medicine, and the search for a cure-Columbia University Press》

    维基百科相关词条

    SILVERMAN R E, COHEN Z, CRAIG M, et al. Monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity as a measure of immune responsiveness in Lewis and Brown Norway inbred rats[J]. Transplantation, 1989, 47(3): 542-547.

    Wakefield A J, Fox J D, Sawyerr A M, et al. Detection of herpesvirus DNA in the large intestine of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using the nested polymerase chain reaction[J]. Journal of medical virology, 1992, 38(3): 183-190.

    Wakefield A J, Pittilo R M, Sim R, et al. Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease[J]. Journal of medical virology, 1993, 39(4): 345-353.

    Thompson N P, Pounder R E, Wakefield A J, et al. Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8957): 1071-1074.

    Patriarca P A, Beeler J A. Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8957): 1062-1063.

    Farrington P, Miller E, Calman K C, et al. Measles vaccination as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8961): 1362-1364.

    Geschwind D H. Advances in autism[J]. Annual review of medicine, 2009, 60(1): 367-380.

    Wakefield A J, Murch S H, Anthony A, et al. RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children[J]. The lancet, 1998, 351(9103): 637-641.

    Poland G A, Jacobson R M. The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists[J]. New England journal of medicine, 2011, 364(2): 97-99.

    Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington C P, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association[J]. The Lancet, 1999, 353(9169): 2026-2029.

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    1 h y 45 m
  • 魔法✖️生物,搞个交叉学科如何?| 哈利波特里的生物
    May 14 2025


    没想到哈利波特里的生物还有续集!这期我们玩个不一样的:假如拿魔法和生物做一个交叉学科,如果要研究魔法生物学,可以研究些什么?课题名列在这了,就来看看是魔法世界神奇一点,还是生物世界更加魔幻吧!

    时间点:

    5:07 课题1: 脊椎动物是否存在趋光性现象:以嗅嗅为模式生物的研究

    20:02 课题2: 独角兽类角结构的发育过程探究:以独角鲸为例

    37:26 课题3: 基于现有物种的鹰头马身有翼兽(Hippogriff)飞行演化难度分析

    53:08 课题4: 快速移动的植物:以魔鬼网与打人柳为例

    1:12:51 课题5: 从魔法曼德拉草出发,探究植物发声的可能性与相关机制

    1:29:27 课题6: 鳃囊草可操作性分析及更佳的替代植物探索

    1:46:02 课题7: 深入探究人类说谎的神经机制:基于吐真剂的信号追踪

    涉及BGM:

    George Benson - Thunder Walk

    Harry's Wondrous World

    Leaving Hogwarts

    麻瓜科学家参考文献:

    趋光性相关研究:

    Jékely G. Evolution of phototaxis[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009, 364(1531): 2795-2808.

    独角鲸研究:

    Nweeia M T, Nutarak C, Eichmiller F C, et al. Considerations of anatomy, morphology, evolution, and function for narwhal dentition[J]. Smithsonian at the poles: contributions to International Polar Year science, 2009.

    Hallahan T, Martin E, Vandewynckele-Bossut M, et al. Design, Purpose and Specificity of the Narwhal’s Tusk[J].

    Dietz R, Desforges J P, Rigét F F, et al. Analysis of narwhal tusks reveals lifelong feeding ecology and mercury exposure[J]. Current Biology, 2021, 31(9): 2012-2019. e2.

    快速移动的植物:

    Mano H, Hasebe M. Rapid movements in plants[J]. Journal of plant research, 2021, 134(1): 3-17.

    Forterre Y. Slow, fast and furious: understanding the physics of plant movements[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2013, 64(15): 4745-4760.

    Taylor P E, Card G, House J, et al. High-speed pollen release in the white mulberry tree, Morus alba L[J]. Sexual Plant Reproduction, 2006, 19: 19-24.

    Brownlee C. Plant physiology: Anatomy of a plant action potential[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(19): R1000-R1002.

    植物发声研究:

    Khait I, Lewin-Epstein O, Sharon R, et al. Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative[J]. Cell, 2023, 186(7): 1328-1336. e10.

    肺、鱼鳃与植物共生的研究:

    Li Y, Hu M, Zhang Z, et al. Origin and stepwise evolution of vertebrate lungs[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2025: 1-20.

    Reynolds R, Ringrose C. Gillyweed–Drowning with Gills?[J]. Journal of Interdisciplinary Science Topics, Volume 5, 2016: 52.

    Kerney R, Kim E, Hangarter R P, et al. Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(16): 6497-6502.

    Petherick A. A solar salamander[J]. 2010.

    说谎的神经机制研究:

    Abe N. How the brain shapes deception: An integrated review of the literature[J]. The Neuroscientist, 2011, 17(5): 560-574.

    Zhou J, Gu T, Jin F. A review of the neural mechanisms of deception[J]. Open Access Library Journal, 2020, 7(10): 1-9.

    分院帽性格测试的研究:

    Baimas-George M, Vrochides D. The sorting hat of medicine: why Hufflepuffs wear stethoscopes and Slytherins carry scalpels[J]. Journal of Surgical Education, 2020, 77(4): 772-778.

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    2 h y 7 m
  • 长胖“借口”大全(建议收藏)|漫谈“肥胖”
    May 6 2025
    “肥胖”这个话题在我们漫谈选题的计划里很久了,我们一直想找个机会全面、系统地聊聊。结果没想到与肥胖有关的内容这么多!于是这一期,我们先单独从“肥胖”出发,跟你唠一唠长胖都有哪些“借口”:BMI高真的就是肥胖吗?压力会导致肥胖吗?肥胖是不是食品加工的锅?动物们也这么胖它们怎么就这么健康?只希望一切借口,都不能阻止你注意到肥胖这个问题有多严重! 加听友群微信号:bio_kiwi 时间点:0:03:09 体重管理年0:06:12 BMI的使用与起源0:09:05 BMI的标准与中西方差异0:10:56 BMI使用局限性1:无法区分体脂率0:13:41 BMI使用局限性2:无法体现腰臀比0:15:59 BMI使用局限性3:衰老的影响0:18:14 体脂测量其实可能不是那么准确0:20:18 体脂秤的正确用法0:21:11 其他体脂测量方法0:27:31 看起来"健康"但是实际肥胖的情况0:31:09 健身达人们可能面临的健康困扰0:34:09 BMI与体脂都高但健康的人群0:36:36 节俭基因假说:肥胖在过去是一种“有利”性状?0:41:37 基因漂变假说:肥胖的起源也许是随机出现的0:43:21 影响肥胖的基因都是哪些功能0:46:47 脂肪细胞其实也不坏,甚至很重要0:50:30 米色脂肪的研究会是减肥的新法子吗?0:54:58 瘦素是如何调节我们的食欲进而影响肥胖的?1:01:47 舌头原来也有感觉脂肪的味觉?1:03:58 最近几年我们的饮食习惯发生了什么改变1:05:48 食品的加工也是影响肥胖的关键因素1:09:56 高糖饮食对与肥胖的影响1:11:51 什么是胰岛素抵抗?为什么会与肥胖相关?1:17:39 细嚼慢咽其实更不容易长胖1:19:55 暴饮暴食的习惯也和基因有关?1:23:32 FTO基因对于肥胖的影响1:24:52 不同动物的体脂率会是多少?1:28:49 鲸鱼的“肥胖”1:33:12 北极熊的”肥胖“1:34:42 冬眠动物的”肥胖“1:39:54 昆虫的”肥胖“与脂肪体1:44:52 鱼类的”肥胖“与洞穴鱼的突变1:50:30 宠物们的肥胖问题1:57:23 动物园动物的肥胖问题2:00:53 结尾讨论 涉及BGM:火箭少女101 - 卡路里Celebrate-Joakim KarudGeorge Benson - Thunder Walk 部分参考资料:Nuttall F Q. Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review[J]. Nutrition today, 2015, 50(3): 117-128.Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen M J, et al. Indices of relative weight and obesity[J]. International journal of epidemiology, 2014, 43(3): 655-665.Ye Y, Leeming J. By the numbers: China's changing diet[J]. Nature, 2023.Wang L, Wang H, Zhang B, et al. Elevated fat intake increases body weight and the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults: 1991–2015 trends[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12(11): 3272.Wu T, Xu S. Understanding the contemporary high obesity rate from an evolutionary genetic perspective[J]. Hereditas, 2023, 160(1): 5.Loos R J F, Yeo G S H. The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology[J]. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2022, 23(2): 120-133.Wang Z, Chen Z, Xu S, et al. ‘Obesity’is healthy for cetaceans? Evidence from pervasive positive selection in genes related to triacylglycerol metabolism[J]. Scientific reports, 2015, 5(1): 14187.Liu S, Lorenzen E D, Fumagalli M, et al. Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears[J]. Cell, 2014, 157(4): 785-794.https://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/vert_earth/2015/09/150915_vert_earth_the-fattest-animal-on-earthYuan S, Liu Y, Liang W, et al. Association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in nutrition, 2021, 8: 700936.Hinte L C, Castellano-Castillo D, Ghosh A, et al. Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss[J]. Nature, 2024: 1-9.https://thefisheriesblog.com/2018/01/08/fat-fish/Aspiras A C, Rohner N, Martineau B, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations contribute to the adaptation of cavefish to nutrient-poor conditions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015, 112(31): 9668-9673.German A J. The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats[J]. The Journal of nutrition, 2006, 136(7): 1940S-1946S.Kloock S, Ziegler C G, Dischinger U. Obesity and its comorbidities, current treatment options and future perspectives: challenging bariatric surgery?[J]. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2023, 251: 108549.Bertile F, Habold C, Le Maho Y, et al. Body protein sparing in hibernators: a source for biomedical innovation[J]. Frontiers in physiology, 2021, 12: 634953.
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    2 h y 9 m
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