久违的又来更新AB面故事，特朗普上台让反疫苗的小肯尼迪担任美国卫生与公众服务部部长，而最近二十年的这场反疫苗运动，得从1998年的一篇关于麻腮风MMR三联疫苗与自闭症相关的论文开始讲起，我们这一期，就来唠一下，这个研究是怎么开展的？为什么安德鲁·韦克菲尔德会被称为“反疫苗运动之父”？他明明是个肠胃病专家，怎么就研究起疫苗与自闭症的关系了？

加听友群：bio_kiwi

新播客：3分钟科学漫游

时间点：

00:22 引入：小肯尼迪与反疫苗

13:55 安德鲁·韦克菲尔德的早年经历与肠胃病研究

40:17 韦克菲尔德开始转向自闭症与疫苗关联的研究

1:13:58 1998年文章发表之后，遭遇质疑、辞职但是风生水起

涉及BGM：

George Benson - Thunder Walk

安德烈·波切利 - Con te partirò

相关参考资料：

布莱恩·迪尔《欺骗世界的医生：“反疫苗运动之父” 与一场跨越世纪的医学骗局》

Andrew J. Wakefield, Jenny McCarthy 《Callous Disregard: Autism and Vaccines--The Truth Behind a Tragedy-Skyhorse 》

Offit, Paul A 《Autism's false prophets: bad science, risky medicine, and the search for a cure-Columbia University Press》

维基百科相关词条

SILVERMAN R E, COHEN Z, CRAIG M, et al. Monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity as a measure of immune responsiveness in Lewis and Brown Norway inbred rats[J]. Transplantation, 1989, 47(3): 542-547.

Wakefield A J, Fox J D, Sawyerr A M, et al. Detection of herpesvirus DNA in the large intestine of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using the nested polymerase chain reaction[J]. Journal of medical virology, 1992, 38(3): 183-190.

Wakefield A J, Pittilo R M, Sim R, et al. Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease[J]. Journal of medical virology, 1993, 39(4): 345-353.

Thompson N P, Pounder R E, Wakefield A J, et al. Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8957): 1071-1074.

Patriarca P A, Beeler J A. Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8957): 1062-1063.

Farrington P, Miller E, Calman K C, et al. Measles vaccination as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease[J]. The Lancet, 1995, 345(8961): 1362-1364.

Geschwind D H. Advances in autism[J]. Annual review of medicine, 2009, 60(1): 367-380.

Wakefield A J, Murch S H, Anthony A, et al. RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children[J]. The lancet, 1998, 351(9103): 637-641.

Poland G A, Jacobson R M. The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists[J]. New England journal of medicine, 2011, 364(2): 97-99.

Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington C P, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association[J]. The Lancet, 1999, 353(9169): 2026-2029.

没想到哈利波特里的生物还有续集！这期我们玩个不一样的：假如拿魔法和生物做一个交叉学科，如果要研究魔法生物学，可以研究些什么？课题名列在这了，就来看看是魔法世界神奇一点，还是生物世界更加魔幻吧！

时间点：

5:07 课题1: 脊椎动物是否存在趋光性现象：以嗅嗅为模式生物的研究

20:02 课题2: 独角兽类角结构的发育过程探究：以独角鲸为例

37:26 课题3: 基于现有物种的鹰头马身有翼兽（Hippogriff）飞行演化难度分析

53:08 课题4: 快速移动的植物：以魔鬼网与打人柳为例

1:12:51 课题5: 从魔法曼德拉草出发，探究植物发声的可能性与相关机制

1:29:27 课题6: 鳃囊草可操作性分析及更佳的替代植物探索

1:46:02 课题7: 深入探究人类说谎的神经机制：基于吐真剂的信号追踪

涉及BGM：

George Benson - Thunder Walk

Harry's Wondrous World

Leaving Hogwarts

麻瓜科学家参考文献：

趋光性相关研究：

Jékely G. Evolution of phototaxis[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009, 364(1531): 2795-2808.

独角鲸研究：

Nweeia M T, Nutarak C, Eichmiller F C, et al. Considerations of anatomy, morphology, evolution, and function for narwhal dentition[J]. Smithsonian at the poles: contributions to International Polar Year science, 2009.

Hallahan T, Martin E, Vandewynckele-Bossut M, et al. Design, Purpose and Specificity of the Narwhal’s Tusk[J].

Dietz R, Desforges J P, Rigét F F, et al. Analysis of narwhal tusks reveals lifelong feeding ecology and mercury exposure[J]. Current Biology, 2021, 31(9): 2012-2019. e2.

快速移动的植物：

Mano H, Hasebe M. Rapid movements in plants[J]. Journal of plant research, 2021, 134(1): 3-17.

Forterre Y. Slow, fast and furious: understanding the physics of plant movements[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2013, 64(15): 4745-4760.

Taylor P E, Card G, House J, et al. High-speed pollen release in the white mulberry tree, Morus alba L[J]. Sexual Plant Reproduction, 2006, 19: 19-24.

Brownlee C. Plant physiology: Anatomy of a plant action potential[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(19): R1000-R1002.

植物发声研究：

Khait I, Lewin-Epstein O, Sharon R, et al. Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative[J]. Cell, 2023, 186(7): 1328-1336. e10.

肺、鱼鳃与植物共生的研究：

Li Y, Hu M, Zhang Z, et al. Origin and stepwise evolution of vertebrate lungs[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2025: 1-20.

Reynolds R, Ringrose C. Gillyweed–Drowning with Gills?[J]. Journal of Interdisciplinary Science Topics, Volume 5, 2016: 52.

Kerney R, Kim E, Hangarter R P, et al. Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(16): 6497-6502.

Petherick A. A solar salamander[J]. 2010.

说谎的神经机制研究：

Abe N. How the brain shapes deception: An integrated review of the literature[J]. The Neuroscientist, 2011, 17(5): 560-574.

Zhou J, Gu T, Jin F. A review of the neural mechanisms of deception[J]. Open Access Library Journal, 2020, 7(10): 1-9.

分院帽性格测试的研究：

Baimas-George M, Vrochides D. The sorting hat of medicine: why Hufflepuffs wear stethoscopes and Slytherins carry scalpels[J]. Journal of Surgical Education, 2020, 77(4): 772-778.