Summary
Number the Stars is a powerful work of historical fiction by Lois Lowry, published in 1989. Set in Nazi-occupied Denmark during World War II, this Newbery Medal-winning book explores themes of courage, friendship, and resistance through the eyes of a young Danish girl. The novel has garnered numerous accolades, including the National Jewish Book Award, and has become a staple in classrooms across the United States. Number the Stars continues to resonate with readers of all ages, offering a poignant and accessible introduction to the horrors of the Holocaust.
Plot
Set in Copenhagen in 1943, Number the Stars follows ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen and her best friend Ellen Rosen during the Nazi occupation of Denmark. As the Germans begin to “relocate” Danish Jews, Ellen, who is Jewish, moves in with the Johansens and pretends to be part of their family. Annemarie's parents and uncle are involved in the Danish Resistance, working to smuggle Jews to safety in Sweden.
The story intensifies when Nazi soldiers search the Johansens' apartment, forcing Annemarie to think quickly to protect Ellen's identity. Later, Annemarie and her family travel to her uncle's house near the coast, where a group of Jews, including Ellen's family, are preparing to escape to Sweden by boat. Annemarie learns that her deceased older sister Lise was also part of the Resistance.
In a climactic scene, Annemarie must complete a dangerous mission to deliver a vital package to her uncle's boat before it departs with the Jewish refugees. She encounters Nazi soldiers but manages to outwit them and successfully delivers the package, which contains a handkerchief treated with a special scent to throw off Nazi dogs. The story concludes with Denmark's liberation two years later, as Annemarie hopes for Ellen's return and reflects on the bravery of those who resisted the Nazis.
Themes
• Courage in the face of adversity
• Friendship and loyalty
• Coming of age during wartime
• Resistance against oppression
• The power of deception for good
• Loss of innocence
• The importance of remembering history
Setting
Number the Stars is set against the backdrop of World War II, specifically during the Nazi occupation of Denmark in 1943. The story unfolds in Copenhagen, the capital city, where the protagonist Annemarie Johansen and her family reside. This urban setting provides a stark contrast between the once-peaceful Danish life and the oppressive presence of German soldiers patrolling the streets.As the plot progresses, the action shifts to the countryside, particularly to Uncle Henrik's home near the coast. This rural location becomes crucial to the narrative, as it serves as a staging point for the dangerous mission to smuggle Jewish refugees to safety in neutral Sweden. The coastal setting, with its proximity to the sea, emphasizes the literal and figurative journey from danger to freedom that the characters must undertake.Throughout the novel, Lowry skillfully weaves historical details of 1940s Denmark into the narrative, painting a vivid picture of a nation under occupation. From food shortages in Copenhagen to the tense atmosphere of constant surveillance, the setting becomes an integral part of the story, reflecting the broader geopolitical context of World War II Europe and the Holocaust.