Themes

• Confronting mortality and the meaning of life

• The transition from doctor to patient

• The pursuit of excellence in medicine and literature

• Balancing career ambitions with personal relationships

• The role of science and spirituality in understanding life

• Coping with terminal illness and maintaining hope

• Legacy and the impact of one's life on others

Setting

When Breath Becomes Air takes place primarily in the early 2010s, chronicling Paul Kalanithi's journey from neurosurgical resident to terminal cancer patient. The memoir is set against the backdrop of modern American medicine, with much of the action occurring at Stanford University in California, where Kalanithi completed his residency and later received treatment.

The story unfolds across various medical settings, from operating rooms where Kalanithi once performed complex brain surgeries to the hospital rooms where he eventually becomes a patient. The sterile hallways and high-tech equipment of Stanford's facilities provide a stark contrast to the deeply human experiences and emotions described in the book.

Beyond the hospital, Kalanithi offers glimpses of his life in the San Francisco Bay Area. The broader setting reflects the author's dual role as both a highly trained professional and a young man grappling with mortality, set against the backdrop of one of America's most prestigious medical institutions and the surrounding California landscape.

Key Figures

• Paul Kalanithi: The author. A brilliant neurosurgeon diagnosed with terminal lung cancer at age 36, Paul explores the meaning of life and death through his experiences as both doctor and patient. He grapples with his mortality while continuing to work, write, and start a family.

• Lucy Kalanithi: Paul's wife and a fellow physician. She supports Paul through his illness and treatment, facing the challenges of being both a doctor and a caregiver. Lucy helps Paul fulfill his dream of writing this book and gives birth to their daughter. She writes the epilogue after Paul's death.

• Cady: Paul and Lucy's daughter, born in the final months of Paul's life. Though only briefly mentioned, her birth represents hope and continuity for Paul as he faces death.

• Dr. Emma Hayward: Paul's oncologist. She guides Paul through his cancer treatment, balancing her role as his doctor with respect for his medical knowledge and wishes as a patient.

• Abraham Verghese: A physician and author who writes the foreword to the book. He provides context for Paul's story and praises his writing and insights.

Quick facts

• When Breath Becomes Air was published posthumously in January 2016, about 10 months after author Paul Kalanithi's death in March 2015.

• The book spent 68 weeks on the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list.

• The memoir includes a foreword by physician and author Abraham Verghese.

• Kalanithi's widow, Lucy Goddard Kalanithi, wrote the epilogue.

• The book's title comes from the poem “Caelica 83” by Baron Brooke Fulke Greville.

• Kalanithi was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer at age 36, near the end of his neurosurgery residency.

• Kalanithi and his wife decided to have a child after his diagnosis; their daughter, Elizabeth Acadia, was born in July 2014.

• When Breath Becomes Air won the Goodreads Choice Award for Memoir & Autobiography in 2016 and was shortlisted for the Wellcome Book Prize and Waterstones Book of the Year.

• The book was a finalist for the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in Biography or Autobiography.

• When Breath Becomes Air has been translated into over 40 languages worldwide.

About the Author

Paul Kalanithi (1977-2015) was an accomplished neurosurgeon and writer whose life was cut short by lung cancer at the age of 37. He grew up in Arizona and pursued a diverse educational path, earning degrees in English literature, human biology, and history and philosophy of science from prestigious institutions including Stanford, Cambridge, and Yale.

Kalanithi's medical career was marked by excellence. He graduated cum laude from Yale School of Medicine, winning accolades for his research. He completed his residency in neurosurgery at Stanford and authored numerous scientific publications. His academic achievements were recognized with the American Academy of Neurological Surgery's highest award for research.

In 2013, Kalanithi was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer. Despite his illness, he continued to write, sharing poignant reflections on doctoring and mortality in publications such as The New York Times and The Washington Post. His memoir When Breath Becomes Air was published posthumously in 2016 and became a New York Times bestseller, touching readers with its profound exploration of life, death, and healing.

Beyond his medical and literary achievements, Kalanithi is remembered as a devoted husband to Lucy and father to their daughter, Elizabeth Acadia. His journey from a Christian upbringing to skepticism and back to faith adds depth to his narrative, illustrating his lifelong quest for meaning. Through his writing, Kalanithi continues to inspire readers to confront life's most challenging questions with grace and introspection.