Summary

The Return of the King marks the conclusion to J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. As the final installment, it brings the saga of Middle-earth to a climactic end, chronicling the ultimate battle against the Dark Lord Sauron and the fate of the One Ring. First published in 1955, the novel continues to captivate readers with its rich world-building, complex characters, and themes of courage, sacrifice, and the corrupting influence of power. Peter Jackson's acclaimed film adaptation in 2003 brought Tolkien's vision to life on the big screen, winning 11 Academy Awards and solidifying the story's place in popular culture.

Plot

In The Return of the King, J.R.R. Tolkien's saga of Middle-earth reaches its climactic conclusion. Frodo and Sam continue their perilous journey to destroy the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom, deep in the heart of Mordor. Meanwhile, Aragorn leads the forces of good in a desperate battle against Sauron's armies at Minas Tirith, the great city of Gondor.

As the hobbits struggle through Mordor, Aragorn summons the Army of the Dead to turn the tide of battle. The forces of good ultimately prevail, but not before Frodo succumbs to the Ring's power at the Cracks of Doom. It is only through Gollum's intervention that the Ring is finally destroyed, bringing about Sauron's downfall. With evil vanquished, Aragorn is crowned king and marries Arwen, while the hobbits return home as heroes.

The story doesn't end there, however. The hobbits find the Shire under the control of the wizard Saruman and lead a rebellion to free their homeland. After Saruman's defeat, the hobbits settle into peace, though Frodo, still wounded by his ordeal, eventually sails to the Undying Lands with Gandalf and the elves, bringing the epic tale to a bittersweet close.

Themes

• The struggle between good and evil

• The power of friendship and loyalty

• The corrupting influence of power

• The importance of hope in the face of despair

• The burden of responsibility and leadership

• The strength of the human (and hobbit) spirit

• The inevitability of change and the end of an era

Setting

The Return of the King takes place in the fictional world of Middle-earth, a vast continent with diverse landscapes ranging from the peaceful Shire to the fiery wasteland of Mordor. The story unfolds during the final days of the Third Age, an era marked by the waning power of ancient kingdoms and the rising threat of the Dark Lord Sauron. This setting blends references to medieval Europe with mythical and fantastical elements, creating a rich tapestry of cultures and histories.

Key locations in the narrative include the besieged city of Minas Tirith in Gondor, the dark realm of Mordor with its foreboding Mount Doom, and the hobbits' beloved Shire. The story traverses through perilous terrains such as the Paths of the Dead and the treacherous land of Ithilien. Each location is intricately detailed, from the white stone architecture of Gondorian cities to the bleak, ash-covered plains surrounding Sauron's fortress of Barad-dûr.

Tolkien's Middle-earth is a world on the cusp of great change, where the age of magic and elves is fading, giving way to the dominion of humans. This transition forms a poignant backdrop to the epic battles and personal journeys of the characters, as they fight not only for their present but for the very future and nature of their world. 

Characters

• Frodo Baggins: The hobbit Ring-bearer, who continues his quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom. Frodo struggles with the corrupting influence of the Ring.

• Samwise Gamgee: Frodo's loyal friend and servant who accompanies him to Mordor. Samwise provides crucial support and encouragement to Frodo.

• Aragorn: The heir to the throne of Gondor, who leads the forces of the Free Peoples against Sauron. Aragorn becomes King of the Reunited Kingdom.

• Gandalf: A powerful wizard who guides and aids the Fellowship. He returns as Gandalf the White to help defeat Sauron.

• Gollum/Sméagol: A former Ring-bearer corrupted by its power. He guides Frodo and Sam to Mordor but ultimately tries to reclaim the Ring.

• Sauron: The Dark Lord and main antagonist, who seeks to dominate Middle-earth. Sauron’s fate is tied to the One Ring.

• Merry and Pippin: Hobbits who become involved in the War of the Ring. They play key roles in battles and the Scouring of the Shire.

• Éowyn: The shieldmaiden of Rohan who slays the Witch-king. She falls in love with Faramir.

• Faramir: Captain of Gondor and brother of Boromir. He becomes Steward of Gondor and Prince of Ithilien.

• Denethor: Steward of Gondor, and father of Boromir and Faramir. Denethor is driven to madness and despair by Sauron's influence. 

Quick facts

• J.R.R. Tolkien’s original title for the culmination of his trilogy was not The Return of the King but instead The War of the Ring. 

• The appendices at the end of The Return of the King contain more than 100 pages of additional background information on Middle-earth.

• "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen” in the appendix was considered by Tolkien to be essential to the overall story.

• The chapter “The Scouring of the Shire” is considered by some critics to be the most important chapter in the entire trilogy.

• Tolkien wrote and rewrote the ending multiple times, unsure of how to conclude the epic story.

• The Return of the King was first published on October 20, 1955 in the UK.

• Tolkien created entire languages and alphabets for his fictional world, detailed in the book's appendices.

• Some editions contain a synopsis at the beginning for readers who haven't read the previous volumes.

• The destruction of the One Ring was inspired by Tolkien throwing his wife's engagement ring into a furnace. (It survived.)

• Poet W.H. Auden called The Return of the King a “masterpiece of the genre.” 

About the Author

J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) was a renowned British author and scholar best known for his epic works of high fantasy. His literary career took off with the publication of The Hobbit in 1937, originally written as a children's story. The book’s overwhelming success led to the creation of its much larger sequel, The Lord of the Rings trilogy, published between 1954 and 1955. These works, along with The Silmarillion, published posthumously in 1977, established Tolkien as a seminal figure in fantasy literature and earned him worldwide acclaim. His works have inspired countless adaptations across various media, including highly successful film trilogies directed by Peter Jackson.

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa. At age four, following his father’s death, he settled near Birmingham, England, with his mother and younger brother. After serving in World War I, he embarked on a distinguished academic career, serving for many years as a professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University. While there, he developed a long and close friendship with a colleague and future fantasy writer, C.S. Lewis.     

Tolkien’s profound knowledge of languages and medieval literature greatly influenced his works of fantasy, which were set in the intricately crafted world of Middle-earth. He created entire linguistic systems for his imaginary characters, most notably the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. His impact on popular culture is immeasurable, with his creation of a fully realized secondary world serving as a template for much of modern fantasy. 

Beyond his novels, Tolkien was a noted philologist and expert in Old and Middle English. He produced influential academic works, including a landmark 1936 lecture on Beowulf that revolutionized the study of the ancient epic. He passed away at age 81, leaving behind a rich body of work that continues to captivate readers and scholars alike.