The final section centers on Coates's visit with Mabel Jones, whose son Prince was killed by a police officer in a case of mistaken identity. Through her story, Coates illustrates how racism and tragedy affect Black people regardless of class or status. He concludes by urging his son to struggle for his rights and dignity, but warns that justice and equality are not guaranteed.

Themes

• Racial identity and the Black experience in America

• Systemic racism and its impact on Black bodies

• Intergenerational trauma and the legacy of slavery

• The myth of the American Dream for Black Americans

• Police brutality and the criminalization of Black youth

• The role of education in shaping racial consciousness

• Fatherhood and protecting Black children in a racist society

Setting

Between the World and Me is set primarily in contemporary America, spanning the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The narrative unfolds against the backdrop of ongoing racial tensions and systemic inequalities that have shaped the African American experience in the United States. Coates reflects on his own life journey, from growing up in Baltimore to his time at Howard University and beyond, providing a personal lens through which to view broader societal issues.

While the book's focus is largely on urban America, particularly Baltimore and New York City, Coates also touches on other significant locations. He discusses his experiences in Paris, offering a contrasting perspective on race relations outside the United States. Additionally, he references historical sites such as Civil War battlefields, connecting present-day struggles to America's complex racial history.

Throughout the narrative, Coates moves between physical settings and intellectual spaces. He explores “the Dream” — his term for the idealized American life often inaccessible to Black Americans — and contrasts it with the harsh realities of life in marginalized communities. This juxtaposition of physical and conceptual landscapes creates a rich, multifaceted setting that encompasses both the tangible world and the realm of ideas and perceptions that shape the African American experience in modern America.

Characters

• Ta-Nehisi Coates: The author and narrator of the book. He writes as a Black father addressing his teenage son about the realities of being Black in America. Coates recounts his experiences growing up in Baltimore, attending Howard University, and grappling with racism and racial injustice throughout his life. His perspective is shaped by a sense of constant physical vulnerability as a Black man in America.

• Samori Coates: Ta-Nehisi's teenage son, to whom the book is addressed as a letter. While not an active character, Samori is the intended audience for Coates's reflections and warnings about navigating the world as a young Black man.

• Prince Carmen Jones Jr.: Coates's friend from Howard University who was killed by a police officer in a case of mistaken identity. Jones's death profoundly impacted Coates and serves as a central example in the book of the precariousness of Black life in America.

• Mabel Jones: Prince Jones's mother. Her story of rising from poverty to provide opportunities for her children, only to lose her son to police violence, is used to illustrate how racism affects Black people across class lines.

• William Coates: Ta-Nehisi's father, a former Black Panther and publisher. He is briefly mentioned as an influence on Coates's intellectual development.

• Dr. Joanne Gabbin: A professor at Howard University who taught Coates about the physical toll of racism on Black bodies. Her teachings significantly influenced Coates's perspective.

Quick facts

• It was inspired by James Baldwin's 1963 book The Fire Next Time, which was also written as a letter.

• Coates was motivated to write the book after a 2013 meeting with President Barack Obama.

• The title comes from a 1935 poem by Richard Wright about a Black man discovering the site of a lynching.

• It won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction.

• The book was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.

• Toni Morrison praised the book, saying Coates filled the “intellectual void” left after Baldwin's death.

• It spent several weeks as #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list for nonfiction.

• The book has been translated into over 15 languages, including French, German, and Korean.

• HBO adapted the book into an 80-minute television special that premiered in November 2020.

About the Author

Ta-Nehisi Coates is an acclaimed American author, journalist, and activist known for his insightful writing on race relations in the United States. Born in 1975 in Baltimore, Coates developed a passion for literature at a young age, influenced by his father's work running a Black-focused publishing company. After studying at Howard University, Coates began his journalism career writing for various publications before joining The Atlantic as a national correspondent in 2008.

Coates rose to prominence with his 2014 cover story for The Atlantic titled “The Case for Reparations,” which examined the long-term effects of discriminatory housing policies on African Americans. In 2015, he published Between the World and Me, a powerful meditation on being Black in America written as a letter to his teenage son. The book won the National Book Award for Nonfiction and cemented Coates's status as one of the country's foremost intellectuals on race.

In addition to his nonfiction work, Coates has ventured into fiction and comic book writing. His debut novel The Water Dancer was published in 2019 to critical acclaim. Coates has also written for Marvel Comics, penning well-received runs on Black Panther and Captain America. His work often explores themes of identity, systemic racism, and the African American experience.

Throughout his career, Coates has received numerous accolades, including a MacArthur “Genius Grant” fellowship in 2015. He has taught at several universities and is currently the Sterling Brown Chair in English and Humanities at Howard University. Coates continues to be an influential voice in American letters, with his latest nonfiction book The Message released in 2024, further cementing his reputation as a thoughtful chronicler of race and society in America.