Early Philosophy

The Thinkers Before Socrates: How the Pre-Socratics Searched for the First Principles of Reality is a clear and engaging guide to the earliest philosophers who transformed myth into rational inquiry and laid the foundations of Western thought. From Thales and Anaximander to Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Democritus, this book traces the bold ideas that shaped early metaphysics, cosmology, and the search for the ultimate nature of existence. Each chapter offers a detailed and accessible exploration of how these early thinkers questioned the structure of the cosmos, the nature of matter, the ...

In his introduction to Early Greek Philosophy, John Burnet points out the particular focus of the pre-Socratics on the ‘cosmological’ character of their enquiries. They determined, he explains, to look into the natural world around them. The period can be said to mark the rise of scientific...

Throughout history, great thinkers have explored life, leadership, and self-mastery. This collection presents their most influential works, updated for today’s listeners. Whether seeking guidance on resilience, strategy, or ethics, these timeless classics remain relevant.

The most important philosophical works of all time, collected for the first time in a single audiobook. This collection spans the full arc of philosophy from all the greatest thinkers, covering ethics, reason, meaning, faith, and the question of how to live well. Older works have been carefully updated for modern listeners, while preserving their original clarity.

This volume begins with a new translation of the Brahma Sutra and then translates or summarizes the philosophical portions of Shankara's commentary on it. Shankara's Brahma-sutra-bhashya is the most important work in Advaita and represents his mature thought on Brahman and Atman. Three essays (along with one on the non-Advaita Brahma Sutra) explain Shankar's philosophy and reasoning.

The Gaudapada-karikas is the earliest extant Advaita Vedanta text. It is only explicitly Advaita text deemed worth saving from before Shankara’s time. Its philosophical doctrines makes it worthy of study in its own right and sets the stage for Shankara’s slightly different Advaita. The text is presented here in a plain English translation with notes, along with a translation of the Mandukya Upanishad, and an extensive summary of Shankara’s own commentary upon it. Also included are an essay on early Vedanta, who the author(s) of this text may be, and the influence of Buddhism on the ...

India has “philosophy” in the Western sense of the term, and it began early. This book deals with the roots of that philosophical thought. Included here are plain English translations (with notes) of selections of the Rig Veda, Atharva Veda, and especially the classic Upanishads. Also included are five essays to help understand this philosophical reflections. These essays are on the sources of Indian philosophy, knowledge, metaphysics, and ethics, with a specialized essay on “unknowing” in the Isha Upanishad.

Prepare to step into the mind of one of Christianity’s most influential thinkers, Clement of Alexandria. This book is your gateway to understanding how one man’s genius shaped the course of Christian thought, merging the profound wisdom of classical philosophy with the emerging teachings of the early Church. Unlock the Secrets of Ancient Wisdom Clement wasn’t just a scholar; he was a visionary. By delving into this book, you’ll discover how he deftly wove together the threads of Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine, creating a rich tapestry that has endured for centuries. ...

“A witty, learned, authoritative survey of philosophical thought.” —The New York Times Book Review The first authoritative and accessible single-volume history of philosophy to cover both Western and Eastern traditions, from one of the world’s most eminent thinkers The story of...

This volume continues to trace the development of Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy in India after its initiator, Nagarjuna. It consists of translations of Sanskrit texts into easily readable English for the general educated public interested in Buddhism or philosophy. Notes and separate Essays dealing with the philosophical content are also included. Presented in this volume are the central philosophical writings of the last two prominent Indian Madhyamikas and two Madhyamaka critiques of the idea of a creator God. Parts of two texts by Chandrakirti are presented: Chapter 6 of Entering the ...

The Western Zhou dynasty left an indelible mark on Chinese history, shaping the nation’s identity and cultural trajectory. Through the lens of jade artifacts, this book delves into the profound changes wrought by the Western Zhou period, offering insights into its political, social, and philosophical underpinnings. By juxtaposing ancient Greek philosophy with Chinese thought, the book elucidates fundamental differences between Eastern and Western cultures. Organized chronologically into early, middle, and late periods of the Western Zhou dynasty, the book examines jade artifacts within ...

Porphyry’s Against the Christians was the most hard-hitting, incisive, and lengthy critique of Christianity that the ancient world ever knew. It was so dangerous that three Christian emperors wrote decrees ordering it to be burned. The Christians succeeded in destroying it, but they did not destroy—or seek to destroy—the fragments and traces of the work in Christian authors themselves. Thus testimonies and fragments of Porphyry’s great work survive. This is the material translated and commented upon in this book. Its purpose is to correct the errors and massive gaps of R. J. ...

A mysterious monk crossed from India into China—and changed the spiritual history of Asia. Bodhidharma challenged emperors, rejected empty displays of religious merit, sat facing a wall for nine years, and taught that awakening must be discovered directly within the mind. Centuries later, his fierce image, uncompromising message, and legendary connection to Shaolin continue to fascinate seekers around the world. Bodhidharma for Beginners offers a clear, engaging introduction to the man, the myths, and the teachings behind the birth of Chan Buddhism and the later Zen tradition. Inside, you...

In this extensive sequel to Science Education in the Early Roman Empire, Dr. Richard Carrier explores the social history of scientists in the Roman era. Was science in decline or experiencing a revival under the Romans? What was an ancient scientist thought to be and do? Who were they, and who funded their research? And how did pagans differ from their Christian peers in their views toward science and scientists?

Here are the Socratic Dialogues presented as Plato designed them to be - living discussions between friends and protagonists, with the personality of Socrates himself coming alive as he deals with a host of subjects, from justice and inspiration to courage, poetry and the gods. Plato's Socratic...

In this enlightening Very Short Introduction, Simon Critchley shows us that Continental philosophy encompasses a distinct set of philosophical traditions and practices, with a compelling range of problems all too often ignored by the analytic tradition. He discusses the ideas and approaches of philosophers such as Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Habermas, Foucault, and Derrida. He also introduces key concepts such as existentialism, nihilism, and phenomonology, by explaining their place in the Continental tradition. 

Before Jiddu Krishnamurti declared that “truth is a pathless land,” an international spiritual movement had spent years preparing him to become its World Teacher. No Throne for Truth: J. Krishnamurti Before the Pathless Land brings together four early works from 1910-1928, allowing the listener to hear a remarkable transformation unfold. These writings do more than preserve an early philosophy; placed together, they reveal its formation. We first encounter the young disciple speaking from within the spiritual structure that shaped him. As the years pass, the emphasis begins to change.

Uncover the Secrets of Genesis: Philo’s Vision of Creation and Humanity Discover the wisdom of Philo of Alexandria in the first volume of The Works of Philo: A Modern Translation, a newly translated four-volume series. Modern, Readable English – Faithful to the Greek text, this translation makes Philo’s ideas accessible without requiring knowledge of ancient languages. Genesis Through a Philosopher’s Eyes – Explore Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah, and the giants in thought-provoking allegorical readings. Ethics, Virtue, and the Human Soul – Learn how Philo interprets moral ...

Though Karl Marx is best known for Capital and The Communist Manifesto, his revolutionary thoughts and ideas had developed over decades spent in study, discussion and association with a variety of organisations throughout Europe and the US, intent on challenging the establishment order. These...

The remarkable range of Plato's Dialogues is vividly demonstrated by these three works. It opens with Phaedrus, a highly personal discussion between Socrates (David Rintoul) and the young, love-struck Phaedrus (Gunnar Cauthery). They go for a walk outside the walls of Athens and, under a plane...