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The term "gender" was first distinguished from "sex" in the 1950s when psychologists began to discuss the idea of "gender roles", behaviors and responsibilities given to people by a society rather than flowing from their biology. Since then, leaders across disciplines have sought to better understand the roles of biology, psychology, and culture on gender. New language has emerged alongside rich scientific inquiry and research. Increased visibility of transgender and nonbinary communities has brought awareness to a range of gender diverse experiences....

A researcher wins a grant for a study to determine if a male brain will turn into a female brain when the male is fully feminized, with the exception of his male parts. If the brain scans show no change, and the subject is happy with the transformation, then it must be free will and personal desires that determine gender identity. Will a male with a male brain survive being transformed so far as to have a fully female appearance, or will he be trapped in a body of the wrong gender permanently?

Gender exists in almost every society as a way of organizing its people. Gender is used to assign certain responsibilities, obligations, and privileges to some, and to deny them to others. In Gender: A World History, Susan Kingsley Kent tells the story of this seemingly simple but in fact quite complex concept. With historical perspective, she critically examines our everyday understandings of women and men, masculinity and femininity, and sexual difference in general.