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What if the most subversive libertarian of the twentieth century wasn’t Hayek or Nozick, but Michel Foucault? In this episode, Rasheed and Mark Pennington dismantle the worn-out cliché of Foucault as the Left’s philosopher of suspicion and instead expose how his late work aligns disturbingly well with the libertarian project. Forget the caricature of Foucault as the theorist of discipline and surveillance. In this episode he appears as the radical voice warning that freedom erodes not just under authoritarian violence but under the bureaucrat’s file, the planner’s map, and the expert’s soothing discourse of “safety.”

By pairing Hayek’s critique of the “pretense of knowledge” with Foucault’s genealogy of “regimes of truth,” the conversation makes an explosive claim: both thinkers diagnose social engineering as a theological fantasy, a bid for God-like authority over human complexity. And if Hayek valorizes entrepreneurial discovery, Foucault demands a relentless critique of the categories that normalize us into docile bodies. The convergence? Freedom is not a polite legal boundary but a restless act of self-creation: always experimental, always at risk, and always opposed to those who claim to know better.

This episode pushes further: into Milei’s Argentina, where Foucault is suddenly a touchstone for right-wing politicians; into the culture wars, where “identity” becomes just another disciplinary cage; into Judith Butler, recast as an unwitting libertarian entrepreneur of the self. The provocation is clear: maybe libertarians abandoned Foucault too quickly, and maybe Foucauldians ignored how close their master was to undermining their own collectivist pieties. What if the true scandal is that Foucault, at his most dangerous, was never the enemy of liberalism — but its most radical ally?

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Rasheed sits down with IE Law Professor Adrián Rubio to unpack the complex relationship between European Union law, market liberalization, and the resulting concentration of power in Brussels. Rubio shines light on how EU law has historically opened markets across the continent, but notes the centralization of power set in motion by today’s regulatory machinery at the expense of key economic and individual freedoms.

EU Law: the Great Liberator - sectors like telecoms, airlines, and energy have benefitted greatly from reforms, but today much of that power is centralized in Brussels, raising concerns about freedom.

EU Technocracy vs. EU Democracy - while technocrats can help push through pro-market reforms, the European Parliament’s growing power has often fueled regulation and politicization instead of economic liberty.

Tool of last resort? - libertarians and conservatives rarely use EU legal procedures to defend freedom, leaving regulatory and environmentalist groups to dominate litigation.

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Spain’s fiscal architecture is more than a ledger‑sheet debate; it is, as economist Jesús Fernández‑Villaverde, the Howard Marks Presidential Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, reminds us, the very skeleton of the modern state. Drawing on Schumpeter’s maxim that “the state is taxation and taxation is the state,” Fernández‑Villaverde opens the conversation by weaving the American and French revolutions into a wider argument: when you refashion a nation’s tax machinery, you refashion the nation itself. That lens frames Catalonia’s renewed demand for a new financing model, not as a routine budget negotiation but as an existential redesign of the Spanish state.

Jesús details how Spain already operates one of the most decentralized fiscal systems in the world, “more latitude than most U.S. states,” he notes, yet Catalonia now seeks the bespoke privileges long enjoyed by the Basque Country and Navarra. The Regional Authority Index rates how much self‑rule and shared rule each country’s sub‑national governments actually wield. In its last update the index places Spain as the most decentralized unitary state in the sample and fourth overall among 96 countries.

Those northern provinces collect every euro on their own soil and forward a modest remittance to the central treasury, a setup that Fernández‑Villaverde brands “a Confederate relic.” Extending it to Catalonia, he argues, would hollow out Spain’s common‑pool finances, deepen inter‑regional resentment and erode the principle of equal citizenship, while turning the national revenue service into little more than a mailbox for provincial checks.

Politics, of course, is the solvent in which these principles dissolve. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s coalition leans heavily on Catalan and Basque votes; hence, the Jesús says, the Socialist leader flirts with a reform that his own party barons fear will be “the kiss of death”. Layer onto that an opaque, labyrinthine funding formula, ripe for local demagogues to blame Madrid or the neighbors, and Spain’s fiscal question becomes not merely who pays, but what kind of country the Spanish want to be.

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CPSI Director Rasheed and Economist John Cochrane discuss the structural complexities of the Eurozone’s monetary system, focusing particularly on TARGET2 balances.

Trade imbalances within the Eurozone are no longer offset through private financial claims, but have instead created a vast network of public-sector IOUs among national and central banks.

The transformation of the Euro into a fiscal conduit has introduced new risks, especially in the case a country exiting the Eurozone, leaving its massive debts unpaid. Cochrane emphasizes that monetary and fiscal policies are inseparable, particularly in a high-debt environment, and suggests that the architecture of the Eurozone should reflect this integrated reality.

Join us for this informative episode as we also tackle contemporary banking mechanics, including CBDCs and the Fed's aversion to Narrow banking, alongside growing pains like ballooning US debt and a regulation-encumbered banking system.

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"Taipei won't have any formal western diplomatic ties in 5 years." This ominous prediction underscores the shift of trade and soft power in the Americas.

On this episode we explore Taiwan's dwindling influence in the Caribbean and America's reactionary tactics to its own international relations complacency which has left the door wide open for its largest rival.

How does America plan to counteract China's foothold on its doorstep and what do these knee jerk policies mean for the vulnerable economies of Latin America and the Caribbean?

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In this no-nonsense conversation, Professor Carlos Rodríguez Braun — author of El Pensamiento de Milei — helps us decipher the often confusing worldview of Argentina’s president, Javier Milei. We go through the philosophical paths that took Milei from admiring Chicago-school thinkers to openly praising Rothbard’s anarcho-capitalism, and we examine the often jarring contradictions revealed by his alliances with figures like Bolsonaro, Abascal, and Meloni.

Key Points

Anarcho-Capitalist or Just Radical?
How Milei’s shifting stances on economic policy blur the lines between classical liberalism, minarchism, and outright anarchism.

Bolsonaro, Abascal, & Trump—Strange Bedfellows?
Why a self-styled free trader cozies up to staunch protectionists and far-right politicians in pursuit of a new global “culture war.”

Social Policy Paradoxes
Milei rails against abortion as murder but leans libertarian on marriage (at least on the surface) —yet his conservative circle often contradicts these freedoms.

Culture War Gamble
Will Milei’s aggressive rhetoric on “gender ideology” undercut Argentina’s hard-won social freedoms and destabilize his own economic reforms?

The Future of Liberalism in Argentina
With the nation’s midterm elections looming, can Milei deliver on taming inflation and sparking growth or risk discrediting liberalism for a generation?

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Nostalgia can be a powerful force. This is extremely evident in the musings of our discussion on Jamaican Dancehall. Join us for a tea-time chat on Reggae’s vulgar, and culturally rebellious cousin.

Dancehall is a rather vibrant and colorful subgenre of Reggae rooted deeply in Caribbean culture, but the similarities are surface-level at best. The genre is criticized for its overt vulgarity, hypersexualization, and at times, problematic lyrics which have exported varying levels of lawlessness from Jamaica to its neighbors and beyond.

Besides its lasting impact on language through the introduction of crude and derogatory terms like “Chi Chi Man” to the greater Caribbean, Dancehall has also been a potent vector for homophobia and other forms of discrimination throughout the region.

Are we bashing it? Yes. Will we stop singing it? No. Herein lies the great contradiction. Despite the criticisms leveled above, dancehall is recognized as an enduring and significant part of Caribbean identity and is firmly entrenched in contemporary depictions of “Caribbeana.” In this episode, we explore if it is possible to reconcile these attributes, and the genre’s ironic transition from a tool of oppression, to a tool of protest against itself.

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In this episode, Rasheed is joined by Lord Sewell of the British House of Lords, for an insightful discussion on education, race, and the socio-political dynamics in the UK and the Caribbean. They explore the myths of systemic discrimination, and the evolving narratives surrounding immigration, colonialism, and identity.

Mind the Gap
Lord Sewell highlights the challenges Afro-Caribbean students face in the UK, emphasizing the impact of family structure and socioeconomic conditions on academic performance. His program, Generating Genius, seeks to address gaps in STEM education by providing long-term mentorship to nurture talent.

It’s Complicated
We critique broad racial generalizations, emphasizing intra-group differences. Lord Sewell draws comparisons between Caribbean and African diasporas in the UK and the U.S., attributing disparities in performance to cultural and structural factors rather than race alone.

Legacy
Here we examine the persistence of colonial narratives in the Caribbean and the UK. Lord Sewell surmises most anti-colonial movements and discussions are performative, and calls for embracing the positive aspects of British influence while addressing present challenges more pragmatically.