Join us as we explore the 18th century Moravians' relationship with the Provincial Soldiers of Fort Dobbs.Special thanks to Scott Douglas of Old Salem Museums and Gardens!A Production of Historic Bethabara ParkFind more at https://historicbethabara.org/ and https://www.fortdobbs.org/Music- On my Way to Work by Lobo Loco

Join us as we explore the 18th century Moravians of Wachovia and the unique views they held about education, all through the eyes of Anna Maria Samuel. Special thanks to Michelle Hopkins Lawrence of Salem Academy!A Production of Historic Bethabara ParkFind more at https://historicbethabara.org/Music- On my Way to Work by Lobo Loco

We are joined by archeologist Dr. Geoffrey Hughes to discuss the archeology he has done in Wachovia, focusing on the ways in which pottery and other material culture reveals information about the early Moravians.

We are joined by Ranger William Caldwell of the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail to discuss the aftermath of the Battle of King's Mountain, focusing on the prisoners of war who found themselves held in the Moravian Town of Bethabara.

We are back! Join Savannah to learn about what we have been up to and what to expect for this season.

Casey and Kait discuss early interactions between Moravians and Native Americans in the South, including the complicated story of their efforts to establish a mission in Indian country.

This story begins in the 1730s with the first Moravian missionary efforts in the South and picks up in the 1750s when Moravians first met Cherokees and Native other groups in North Carolina. By 1801, Moravians finally succeeded in establishing the Springplace mission to the Cherokees (in modern-day Georgia)—but the period of 1752–1801 is often overlooked. Bethabara became a major destination for Cherokee leaders, and their interactions with Moravians there were important building blocks in what would later become a close bond. From the Anglo-Cherokee War through the Revolution and beyond, near-constant conflict prevented the Moravians from reaching out to Native people as they had envisioned. With the establishment of Springplace, Moravians in Wachovia were finally able to fulfill some of these goals—though not without further challenges.

Bibliography & Further Reading:

Bethlehem Digital History Project (multiple articles).

Fogleman, Aaron Spencer. Two Troubled Souls: An Eighteenth-Century Couple's Spiritual  Journey in the Atlantic World. University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

Fries, Adelaide L., ed. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volumes 1-8.

McClinton, Rowena. The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees, Abridged Edition.        Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010.

Music (freemusicarchive.org):

Allegretto (green pastures) by Dee Yan-Key (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

Grand Piano Theme - Echo - Loopable by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

On my Way to Work by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Casey and Kait discuss some of the Moravians’ ideology on race and enslavement during the 1700s and discuss some of the history of enslaved workers and segregation in Wachovia during this time.

The Moravians during this time were primarily concerned with “bringing people to salvation through an awareness of Christ,” and that in the world, there was only the saved and unsaved, “a condition upon which skin had no bearing;” however, Moravians also had “little inclination to challenge the ways race was being used to construct massive social inequalities in the emerging Atlantic world,” because they were not really concerned with race as a worldly concept. They denied race in the spiritual realm but affirmed race in the physical world.

Within a few years of establishing Bethabara, the Moravians in Wachovia began renting and purchasing enslaved labor. During the first years of the establishment of Wachovia, everyone was educated together and worshipped side-by-side. In the last quarter of the 1770s, especially after the American Revolution, many Brethren began seeing land and enslavement “as their ticket to prosperity,” and segregation within the Wachovia community became more prominent in the community in the 1800s.

Bibliography & Further Reading:

Africa, Philip. “Slaveholding in the Salem Community, 1771-1851.” The North Carolina Historical Review 54, no. 3 (July 1997): 271–307.

Sensbach, Jon. A Separate Canaan: The Making of an Afro-Moravian World in North Carolina, 1763-1840. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Sensbach, Jon. “Race and the Early Moravian Church: A Comparative Perspective.” Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society 31 (2000): 1–10.

Ferguson, Leland. God's Fields: Landscape, Religion, and Race in Moravian Wachovia. 1st ed. Cultural Heritage Studies. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2011.

Fries, Adelaide, ed. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volume I: 1752-1771. Vol. I. Raleigh, NC: Edwards & Broughton Print Company, 1922.

Fries, Adelaide. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volume II: 1752-1775. Vol. II. Raleigh, NC: Edwards & Broughton Print Company, 1925.

Fries, Adelaide. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volume III: 1776-1779. Vol. III. Raleigh, NC: Edwards & Broughton Print Company, 1926.

Fries, Adelaide. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volume VII: 1809-1822. Vol. VII. Raleigh, NC: State Department of Archives and History, 1947.

Music (freemusicarchive.org):

Allegretto (green pastures) by Dee Yan-Key (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

Grand Piano Theme - Echo - Loopable by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

On my Way to Work by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Casey and Kait talk about Bethabara during the Regulator Movement, a period of intense political conflict in pre-revolutionary North Carolina. Though the Moravians attempted to keep the peace, Bethabara became a major center of activity for the movement.

The “Regulators” organized to regulate corruption in government, which seemed to be steadily increasing in mid-1760s North Carolina. This grassroots reform movement began with debates over land, taxes, and representation, and evolved into a rebellion with the Regulators meeting the Governor in open battle in 1771. The Regulator movement gained a widespread following in the western backcountry, and so the Moravians in Wachovia got caught up in the conflict despite their best efforts to stay out of it. In this episode we’ll cover the visits of Regulators to Bethabara, the Moravians' opinion of the Regulators, the Moravians’ relationship with Governor William Tryon, the collapse of the movement after the Battle of Alamance, and the encampment of Tryon’s militia forces at Bethabara.

Bibliography & Further Reading:

Bassett, John Spencer. The Regulators of North Carolina (1765–1771). Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895.

Fries, Adelaide L., ed. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volumes 1 & 2.

Kars, Marjoleine. Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-revolutionary North  Carolina. University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

Stewart, Bruce E. Redemption from Tyranny: Herman Husband’s American Revolution Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2020.

Troxler, Carole Watterson. Farming Dissenters: The Regulator Movement in Piedmont North         Carolina. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 2011.

Music (freemusicarchive.org):

Allegretto (green pastures) by Dee Yan-Key (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

Grand Piano Theme - Echo - Loopable by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

On my Way to Work by Lobo Loco (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)