Power doesn’t just shape history—it picks the chair. We dive into the Western Schism, when Europe faced not one but multiple popes, and legitimacy became a battlefield of theology, politics, and personality. From Rome to Avignon to a seaside fortress in Spain, this is the story of how faith and ambition tangled for decades, and how a divided church fought its way back to one voice.

We start with why rival popes appeared at all: the papacy sitting atop medieval geopolitics, the Avignon move that made French influence unavoidable, and the chaotic return to Rome that led to Urban VI and a swift backlash. When cardinals fled and elected Clement VII in Avignon, kings chose sides. England backed Rome, France rallied Avignon, and ordinary believers were left to wonder whose seal carried the weight of heaven.

At the heart of it all stands Pedro de Luna, Benedict XIII: brilliant canon lawyer, austere reformer, and a man whose conviction hardened into immovable certainty. Besieged in Avignon, he slipped through a secret passage and reemerged defiant. Reformers tried to fix the split at Pisa and only made it worse, creating a third papal line. The Council of Constance finally threaded the needle—deposing one claimant, accepting another’s resignation, and electing Martin V to reunite Christendom—while Benedict held fast in Peñíscola, issuing bulls to a shrinking court and believing to the end that he alone kept the lawful line.

What emerges is a vivid portrait of legitimacy: how it is claimed, tested, and rebuilt. We unpack the Avignon Papacy, Urban VI’s missteps, European alliances, Pisa’s miscalculation, and Constance’s careful choreography. Along the way, we explore how law, conscience, and raw power jostled for the soul of the church—and why unity returned only when authority aligned with process and consent. If you enjoy history that reads like a political thriller—sieges, escapes, rival courts—this one delivers.

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Benedict (XIII) – Antipope, Avignon Papacy, Papal Schism

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-XIII-antipope

Western Schism

https://www.britannica.com/event/Western-Schism

Pedro de Luna – Catholic Encyclopedia

https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09431c.htm

Avignon and the Papacy: From Papal Palace to Papal Crisis by Yves Renouard

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40482060

Antipope Benedict XIII, A Stubborn Old Man

https://www.catholic365.com/article/35024/antipope-benedict-xiii-a-stubborn-old-man.html

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A 2,000-mile promise of “free land” sounds irresistible—until you’re walking beside a creaking wagon at two miles per hour, guarding flour from river water and praying cholera spares your camp. We’re pulling the curtain back on the real Oregon Trail: why ordinary families sold everything for 640 acres, how they trained stubborn oxen, and what a good day looked like when success meant dry firewood, a safe ford, and hardtack that didn’t break a tooth.

We map the true route from Independence and St. Joseph through the Platte River corridor, past Chimney Rock and Fort Laramie, over South Pass, down the Snake, and into the Blue Mountains before the final gamble: raft the Columbia or grind over the Barlow Road around Mount Hood. Along the way, we unpack the daily routine—pre-dawn wakeups, “nooning” for the teams, buffalo chips for fuel, constant repairs—and the invisible killers that made the trail America’s longest graveyard. Cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and scurvy took far more lives than the dime-novel dangers, while accidental gunshots, wagon wheel tragedies, and treacherous fords turned small mistakes into permanent losses.

We also challenge the myth of constant conflict with Native peoples. Many encounters were peaceful, practical, and life-saving: trade for food and gear, guidance to safe crossings, and local knowledge that kept families moving. Yet the migration’s sheer scale disrupted grazing lands and carried diseases that devastated Native communities, adding a heavy moral shadow to the westward dream. By the time travelers reached Oregon City, they still faced winter and the work of building homes from nothing—but rain-soaked soil felt like a hard-won answer to hope.

Hit play to experience the Oregon Trail beyond the game over screen, and stick around for our next chapter on the Sager family’s journey. If this story grabbed you, follow the show, share it with a friend who loved the game, and leave a review to help more history buffs find us.

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A wild idea in a Minnesota movie theater turns into a four-year odyssey across continents, palaces, deserts, and a war-torn frontier—only to be shattered and reshaped by a midnight ambush in the Afghan mountains. We follow Dave and his brothers from a rainy hometown send-off to a photo-op in Manhattan, a meeting with Princess Grace in Monaco, and the hard reality of Cold War borders that forced detours and difficult choices. Along the way: a mule named “Willy Make It,” letters from Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale, wintering in Turkey, and a charitable tie-in with UNICEF that promised meaning beyond the miles.

The journey’s heart is complicated. After John’s death, Pete steps in so two brothers can finish what two began. Bureaucracy blocks the ideal route, so the path bends through India’s crowded roads and into Australia’s vast Outback, where solitude tests resolve and a schoolteacher named Jenny quietly becomes essential support. By the time Dave crosses the Pacific and trudges home through the Rockies and the Plains, the story is no longer a simple tale of grit. A blunt interview strips away the hero varnish and exposes the raw motive: a man who walked out of a life he didn’t want, and the fallout that followed.

Expect adventure and its cost: endurance under a brutal sun, embassy fixes, political no’s, and a Guinness record won at great personal price. We talk ethics and ambition, why “firsts” are rarely clean, and how a cause can coexist with contradiction. If you’re drawn to hard roads, human contradictions, and the thin line between courage and selfishness, this story will stick with you long after the credits roll.

If this episode moved you, share it with a friend, hit follow, and leave a quick review—then tell us: is this a hero’s journey or a cautionary tale?

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This website contains affiliate links. This means that if you click on a link and purchase a product, I may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you. This helps support the running of this website and allows me to continue providing valuable content. Please note that I only recommend products and services that I believe in and have personally used or researched.