The Fall of Constantinople, also known  as the Conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of  the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city fell on 29 May 1453  as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6  April. The city's collapse marked the end of the Middle Ages. The  attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's  defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II, while the  Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After  conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman  capital, replacing Adrianople. The conquest of Constantinople and the  fall of the Byzantine Empire was a watershed of the Late Middle Ages,  marking the effective end of the last remains of the Roman Empire, a  state which began in roughly 27 BC and had lasted nearly 1500 years.  Among many modern historians, the Fall of Constantinople is considered  the end of the medieval period.

The fall was significant on the history of Europe, from the attitude, to the culture of the different nation states. 

Now, how would the world change if the Ottomans were repelled and Constantinople, and by extension, the Byzantine Empire didn't collapse when they did in 1453.

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Twitter: @BackToThePastP1 https://bit.ly/39ts3CG 

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Special Thanks to Dan Buck of DarkTyme for appearing as a guest in today's episode! Make sure to check out DarkTyme: Stories from the Future! 

http://darktyme.com/ 

Prohibition in the United States focused on the manufacture,  transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages;  exceptions were made  for medicinal and religious uses. Alcohol consumption was never illegal  under federal law. Nationwide Prohibition did not begin in the United  States until January 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution went into effect. The 18th amendment was ratified in 1919, and was repealed in December 1933 with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment.[45] Concern over excessive alcohol consumption began during the  American colonial era, when fines were imposed for drunken behavior and  for selling liquor without a license.[46] In the mid-19th century evangelical Protestants denounced drinking as  sinful and demanded the prohibition of the sale of beer, wine and  liquor. Apart from Maine, they had limited success until the early 20th  century. By the 1840s the temperance movement was actively encouraging individuals to immediately stop drinking. However, the issue of slavery, and then the Civil War, overshadowed the temperance movement until the 1870s. Prohibition resulted in the rise of the Mafia, as well as the birth of mainstream Jazz music. Without prohibition, what would American culture look like throughout the rest of the 20th century? Have a listen and find out! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Want to discuss this further, or just want to contact us? Reach us on our socials! 

Twitter: @BackToThePastP1 https://bit.ly/39ts3CG Instagram: @backtothepastp1 https://bit.ly/34lcwBD Rate this podcast! https://ratethispodcast.com/althistory Email us if you have any questions or comments! back2thepastpodcast@gmail.com

We wanted to thank Kathy Joseph once again for appearing as a guest on this week's episode. We had a great time discussing with her about Michael Faraday, otherwise known to Kathy as the father of Electricity. Make sure to check out her latest book, The Lightning Tamers: True Stories of the Dreamers and Schemers Who Harnessed Electricity and Transformed Our World , amazon now! 

https://www.amazon.com/Lightning-Tamers-Harnessed-Electricity-Transformed/dp/B0B4KMYGP8

Short description of the book: 

You flick on a light without thinking about it. But what about the  fascinating and bizarre stories hidden behind that simple action?  Fortunes were made and lost, ideas stolen, rivalries pursued, dogs  electrocuted, beards set on fire, arms amputated, and decapitated human  heads reanimated all with the invention and evolution of electricity.

In  this physics and engineering chronicle disguised as an electric  time-travel adventure, Kathy Joseph, physicist, educator, and creator of  the popular Kathy Loves Physics documentary channel on YouTube, shares  the story of electricity through the linked breakthroughs of men and  women in science.

Go on a wild journey covering over 400 years of  history to discover for yourself the unlikely yet true stories of the  characters who paved the way for modern electricity. From the assistant  who invented the electric light 140 years before Edison to the severed  ear that led to the telephone, follow the chain of experiments,  inventions, and discoveries through time. Beginning with Queen  Elizabeth’s bored doctor naming electricity after jewelry, the winding  road that leads to you to charge your phone at night will enthrall you.

And make sure to check Kathy's youtube channel and website!
Kathy Loves Physics And History: https://www.youtube.com/c/KathyLovesPhysicsHistory

Website: https://kathylovesphysics.com/

Who was Michael Faraday? 

Michael Faraday was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying  electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most  influential scientists in history. It was by his research on the  magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday  established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in  physics. Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of  light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two  phenomena. He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic  induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor  technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity  became practical for use in technology.

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Want to discuss this further, or just want to contact us? Reach us on our socials!

Twitter: @BackToThePastP1 https://bit.ly/39ts3CG

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Email us if you have any questions or comments! back2thepastpodcast@gmail.com