The Denisovans have long been one of the most elusive ancient human cousins, until now. In May 2019, scientists revealed the first fossil evidence of Denisovans outside of the Denisova Cave in Siberia. As the historical human family tree grows, what are we learning about why we're the only ones left? In this episode, we pose this question to science journalist Carl Zimmer, a columnist for The New York Times and the author of 13 books. Follow him on Twitter @carlzimmer. 

We also speak with archaeologist Anna Goldfield about Neanderthals, another close ancient cousin. Goldfield is a columnist at SAPIENS.org, co-host of The Dirt podcast, and the illustrator of The Neanderthal Child of Roc de Marsal: A Prehistoric Mystery. Follow her on Twitter @AnnaGoldfield.

Learn more about Denisovans and Neanderthals.

SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human is part of the American Anthropological Association Podcast Library.

Music in this episode is by:

• "Willow and the Light" by Kevin MacLeod https://filmmusic.io
• "Honey Bee" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)
• License: CC by (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Music from leerosevere.bandcamp.com "Featherlight" by Lee Rosevere (leerosevere.bandcamp.com) "Curiosity" by Lee Rosevere “Let That Sink In” by Lee Rosevere License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
• “In Transit” by Matthew Simonson.
• "Summit" by K2 produced by Blue Dot Sessions, purchased with a professional license.