-
The Lie Tree
- Narrated by: Charlotte Wright
- Length: 11 hrs and 46 mins
Add to Cart failed.
Add to Wish List failed.
Remove from wishlist failed.
Adding to library failed
Follow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Buy for $24.95
No default payment method selected.
We are sorry. We are not allowed to sell this product with the selected payment method
Listeners also enjoyed...
-
A Face Like Glass
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Kevin T. Collins
- Length: 17 hrs and 28 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In the underground city of Caverna the world's most skilled craftsmen toil in the darkness to create delicacies beyond compare - wines that can remove memories, cheeses that can make you hallucinate and perfumes that convince you to trust the wearer, even as they slit your throat. The people of Caverna are more ordinary, but for one thing: their faces are as blank as untouched snow. Expressions must be learned, and only the famous Facesmiths can teach a person to show (or fake) joy, despair or fear - at a price.
-
-
Wrong narrator for the text
- By Alana on 02-06-18
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Fly by Night
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Jill Tanner
- Length: 13 hrs and 38 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
As the realm struggles to maintain an uneasy peace after years of civil war and tyranny, a 12-year-old orphan called Mosca Mye and her loyal companion, a cantankerous goose, are about to become the unlikely heroes of a radical revolution. Mosca is on the run, heading for the city of Mandelion. There she finds herself living by her wits among cut-throat highwaymen, spies and smugglers. With peril at every turn, Mosca uncovers a dark plot to terrorise the people of Mandelion, and soon merry mayhem leads to murder....
-
-
Step into another world...
- By Cori Hart on 03-01-21
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Verdigris Deep
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Ann Beach
- Length: 9 hrs and 2 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
One evening, Ryan and his friends steal some coins from a well. Soon after, strange things begin to happen. Peculiar burn marks appear on Ryan’s knuckles and light bulbs mysteriously explode. Then the well witch appears, with her fountains for eyes and gargled demands. From now on the kids who’ve stolen from her must serve her - and the wishes rotting at the bottom of her well.
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Gullstruck Island
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Claire Corbett
- Length: 13 hrs and 26 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
On Gullstruck Island, legend has it that the mountain ranges and volcanoes are in charge. Anger them, and you’ll pay the price. Keep them happy, and you’ll enjoy their protection. These stories of the land’s command come in handy for quiet, near-invisible Hathin when she must run for her life. Hathin’s sister, Arilou, is believed to be a Lost. The Lost are held nearly sacred by those on Gullstruck, for they can send their senses away from their bodies. When all the Lost drop dead - except Arilou - she and Hathin are swept into a grand conspiracy.
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Deeplight
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Joshua Akehurst
- Length: 12 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The gods are dead. Decades ago, they turned on one another and tore each other apart. Nobody knows why. But are they really gone forever? When 15-year-old Hark finds the still-beating heart of a terrifying deity, he risks everything to keep it out of the hands of smugglers, military scientists, and a secret fanatical cult so that he can use it to save the life of his best friend, Jelt. But with the heart, Jelt gradually and eerily transforms. How long should Hark stay loyal to a friend who’s becoming a monster - and what is Hark willing to sacrifice to save him?
-
-
fantasy & quest lovers of all ages will enjoy!
- By kimbacaffeinate on 05-07-20
By: Frances Hardinge
-
A Skinful of Shadows
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Hallie Ricardo
- Length: 12 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A Skinful of Shadows is a dark YA historical fantasy set in the early part of the English Civil War. Makepeace is an illegitimate daughter of the aristocratic Fellmotte family, and as such, she shares their unique hereditary gift: the capacity to be possessed by ghosts. Reluctant to accept her appointed destiny as vessel for a coterie of her ancestors, she escapes. As she flees the pursuing Fellmottes across war-torn England, she accumulates a motley crew of her own allies, including outcasts, misfits, criminals, and one extremely angry dead bear.
-
-
Why not an Englishwoman?
- By Amazon Customer on 12-02-17
By: Frances Hardinge
-
A Face Like Glass
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Kevin T. Collins
- Length: 17 hrs and 28 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In the underground city of Caverna the world's most skilled craftsmen toil in the darkness to create delicacies beyond compare - wines that can remove memories, cheeses that can make you hallucinate and perfumes that convince you to trust the wearer, even as they slit your throat. The people of Caverna are more ordinary, but for one thing: their faces are as blank as untouched snow. Expressions must be learned, and only the famous Facesmiths can teach a person to show (or fake) joy, despair or fear - at a price.
-
-
Wrong narrator for the text
- By Alana on 02-06-18
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Fly by Night
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Jill Tanner
- Length: 13 hrs and 38 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
As the realm struggles to maintain an uneasy peace after years of civil war and tyranny, a 12-year-old orphan called Mosca Mye and her loyal companion, a cantankerous goose, are about to become the unlikely heroes of a radical revolution. Mosca is on the run, heading for the city of Mandelion. There she finds herself living by her wits among cut-throat highwaymen, spies and smugglers. With peril at every turn, Mosca uncovers a dark plot to terrorise the people of Mandelion, and soon merry mayhem leads to murder....
-
-
Step into another world...
- By Cori Hart on 03-01-21
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Verdigris Deep
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Ann Beach
- Length: 9 hrs and 2 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
One evening, Ryan and his friends steal some coins from a well. Soon after, strange things begin to happen. Peculiar burn marks appear on Ryan’s knuckles and light bulbs mysteriously explode. Then the well witch appears, with her fountains for eyes and gargled demands. From now on the kids who’ve stolen from her must serve her - and the wishes rotting at the bottom of her well.
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Gullstruck Island
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Claire Corbett
- Length: 13 hrs and 26 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
On Gullstruck Island, legend has it that the mountain ranges and volcanoes are in charge. Anger them, and you’ll pay the price. Keep them happy, and you’ll enjoy their protection. These stories of the land’s command come in handy for quiet, near-invisible Hathin when she must run for her life. Hathin’s sister, Arilou, is believed to be a Lost. The Lost are held nearly sacred by those on Gullstruck, for they can send their senses away from their bodies. When all the Lost drop dead - except Arilou - she and Hathin are swept into a grand conspiracy.
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Deeplight
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Joshua Akehurst
- Length: 12 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The gods are dead. Decades ago, they turned on one another and tore each other apart. Nobody knows why. But are they really gone forever? When 15-year-old Hark finds the still-beating heart of a terrifying deity, he risks everything to keep it out of the hands of smugglers, military scientists, and a secret fanatical cult so that he can use it to save the life of his best friend, Jelt. But with the heart, Jelt gradually and eerily transforms. How long should Hark stay loyal to a friend who’s becoming a monster - and what is Hark willing to sacrifice to save him?
-
-
fantasy & quest lovers of all ages will enjoy!
- By kimbacaffeinate on 05-07-20
By: Frances Hardinge
-
A Skinful of Shadows
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Hallie Ricardo
- Length: 12 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A Skinful of Shadows is a dark YA historical fantasy set in the early part of the English Civil War. Makepeace is an illegitimate daughter of the aristocratic Fellmotte family, and as such, she shares their unique hereditary gift: the capacity to be possessed by ghosts. Reluctant to accept her appointed destiny as vessel for a coterie of her ancestors, she escapes. As she flees the pursuing Fellmottes across war-torn England, she accumulates a motley crew of her own allies, including outcasts, misfits, criminals, and one extremely angry dead bear.
-
-
Why not an Englishwoman?
- By Amazon Customer on 12-02-17
By: Frances Hardinge
-
Cuckoo Song
- By: Frances Hardinge
- Narrated by: Katherine Press
- Length: 11 hrs and 57 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
When Triss wakes up after an accident, she knows something's very wrong. She's insatiably hungry, her sister seems scared of her, and her parents whisper behind closed doors. She looks through her diary to try to remember, but the pages have been ripped out. Soon Triss discovers that what happened to her is more strange and terrible than she could ever have imagined, and that she is quite literally not herself. In a quest to find the truth, she must travel into the terrifying underbelly of the city to meet a twisted architect who has dark designs on her family - before it’s too late.
-
-
Grips you from the first sentence
- By Sheba on 10-31-20
By: Frances Hardinge
-
The Lost Memoirs of Jane Austen
- By: Syrie James
- Narrated by: Stina Nielsen
- Length: 9 hrs and 19 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In The Lost Memoirs of Jane Austen, screenwriter, playwright, and British literature expert Syrie James imagines a hidden journal kept by Jane Austen from 1815 to 1817. This revealing narrative tells the poignant tale of the blossoming romance between Jane and a landed aristocrat. Such a love fills the 30-something Jane with hope for marriage and provides her with fodder for her finest writing.
-
-
Should be a screenplay!
- By Adilia Megara on 09-11-15
By: Syrie James
-
Haroun and the Sea of Stories
- By: Salman Rushdie
- Narrated by: Neil Shah
- Length: 4 hrs and 46 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Discover Haroun and the Sea of Stories, Salman Rushdie's classic fantasy novel. Set in an exotic eastern landscape peopled by magicians and fantastic talking animals, Salman Rushdie's classic children's novel Haroun and the Sea of Stories inhabits the same imaginative space as The Lord of the Rings, The Alchemist, and The Wizard of Oz.
-
-
Great story and great story teller
- By marce on 05-22-18
By: Salman Rushdie
-
The Hangman's Daughter
- By: Oliver Pötzsch, Lee Chadeayne - translator
- Narrated by: Grover Gardner
- Length: 12 hrs and 57 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Germany, 1660: When a dying boy is pulled from the river with a mark crudely tattooed on his shoulder, hangman Jakob Kuisl is called upon to investigate whether witchcraft is at play in his small Bavarian town. Whispers and dark memories of witch trials and the women burned at the stake just seventy years earlier still haunt the streets of Schongau.
-
-
Down to Earth Historical Fiction
- By Jessica on 04-15-13
By: Oliver Pötzsch, and others
-
The Reader
- By: Traci Chee
- Narrated by: Kim Mai Guest
- Length: 12 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Sefia knows what it means to survive. After her father is brutally murdered, she flees into the wilderness with her aunt Nin, who teaches her to hunt, track, and steal. But when Nin is kidnapped, leaving Sefia completely alone, none of her survival skills can help her discover where Nin's been taken, or if she's even alive. The only clue to both her aunt's disappearance and her father's murder is the odd rectangular object her father left behind, an object she comes to realize is a book - an item unheard of in her illiterate society.
-
-
the childlike narration
- By H Walker on 02-03-17
By: Traci Chee
-
The Ruin of Kings
- By: Jenn Lyons
- Narrated by: Feodor Chin, Vikas Adam, Soneela Nankani
- Length: 27 hrs and 22 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Kihrin is a bastard orphan who grew up on storybook tales of long-lost princes and grand quests. When he is claimed against his will as the long-lost son of a treasonous prince, Kihrin finds that being a long-lost prince isn't what the storybooks promised. He also discovers that the storybooks have lied about a lot of other things, too: dragons, demons, gods, prophecies, true love, and how the hero always wins. Then again, maybe he’s not the hero, for Kihrin is not destined to save the empire. He’s destined to destroy it.
-
-
the title grabbed me but
- By Andersons on 04-25-19
By: Jenn Lyons
-
A Master of Djinn
- A Novel
- By: P. Djèlí Clark
- Narrated by: Suehyla El-Attar
- Length: 15 hrs and 37 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Cairo, 1912: Though Fatma el-Sha’arawi is the youngest woman working for the Ministry of Alchemy, Enchantments and Supernatural Entities, she’s certainly not a rookie, especially after preventing the destruction of the universe last summer. So when someone murders a secret brotherhood dedicated to one of the most famous men in history, al-Jahiz, Agent Fatma is called onto the case.
-
-
A huge let-down, 2.5 stars
- By Iben Krutt on 07-12-21
By: P. Djèlí Clark
-
Johannes Cabal The Necromancer
- By: Jonathan L. Howard
- Narrated by: Christopher Cazenove
- Length: 10 hrs and 48 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Johannes Cabal, a brilliant scientist and notorious snob, is single-mindedly obsessed in heart and soul with raising the dead. Well, perhaps not soul.... He hastily sold his years ago in order to learn the laws of necromancy. But now, tormented by a dark secret, he travels to the fiery pits of Hell to retrieve it. Satan, who is incredibly bored these days, proposes a little wager: Johannes has one year to persuade 100 people to sign over their souls, or he will be damned forever.
-
-
Masterpiece Comedy
- By Guillermo on 06-19-10
-
Heartless
- By: Marissa Meyer
- Narrated by: Rebecca Soler
- Length: 14 hrs and 34 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Catherine may be one of the most desired girls in Wonderland and a favorite of the unmarried King of Hearts, but her interests lie elsewhere. A talented baker, all she wants is to open a shop with her best friend. But according to her mother, such a goal is unthinkable for the young woman who could be the next queen. Then Cath meets Jest, the handsome and mysterious court joker. For the first time, she feels the pull of true attraction. At the risk of offending the king and infuriating her parents, she and Jest enter into an intense secret courtship.
-
-
Wonderful!
- By Debbie on 12-21-16
By: Marissa Meyer
-
The Night Gardener
- By: Jonathan Auxier
- Narrated by: Beverley A Crick
- Length: 8 hrs and 49 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The Night Gardener follows two abandoned Irish siblings who travel to work as servants at a creepy, crumbling English manor house. But the house and its family are not quite what they seem. Soon the children are confronted by a mysterious spectre and an ancient curse that threatens their very lives. With Auxier’s exquisite command of language, The Night Gardener is a mesmerizing read and a classic in the making.
-
-
As an adult...
- By Isaak on 11-20-18
By: Jonathan Auxier
-
The 7 ½ Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle
- By: Stuart Turton
- Narrated by: James Cameron Stewart
- Length: 17 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The rules of Blackheath: Evelyn Hardcastle will be murdered at 11:00 p.m. There are eight days and eight witnesses for you to inhabit. We will only let you escape once you tell us the name of the killer. Evelyn Hardcastle will die every day until Aiden Bishop can identify her killer and break the cycle. But every time the day begins again, Aiden wakes up in the body of a different guest. And some of his hosts are more helpful than others....
-
-
Disappointed
- By Anita on 05-08-19
By: Stuart Turton
-
House of Hollow
- By: Krystal Sutherland
- Narrated by: Eleanor Bennett
- Length: 9 hrs and 10 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Iris Hollow and her two older sisters are unquestionably strange. Ever since they disappeared on a suburban street in Scotland as children only to return a month a later with no memory of what happened to them, odd, eerie occurrences seem to follow in their wake. And they're changing. First, their dark hair turned white. Then, their blue eyes slowly turned black. They have insatiable appetites yet never gain weight. People find them disturbingly intoxicating, unbearably beautiful, and inexplicably dangerous.
-
-
So, SO good!
- By Angela Fleming ( Love~YA~Lit ) on 05-30-21
Publisher's Summary
Listen to this thought-provoking, critically acclaimed novel from Frances Hardinge, winner of the Costa Book of the Year and Costa Children's Book Awards.
Faith Sunderly leads a double life. To most people, she is reliable, dull, trustworthy - a proper young lady who knows her place as inferior to men. But inside, Faith is full of questions and curiosity, and she cannot resist mysteries: an unattended envelope, an unlocked door. She knows secrets no one suspects her of knowing. She knows that her family moved to the close-knit island of Vane because her famous scientist father was fleeing a reputation-destroying scandal. And she knows, when her father is discovered dead shortly thereafter, that he was murdered.
In pursuit of justice and revenge, Faith hunts through her father's possessions and discovers a strange tree. The tree bears fruit only when she whispers a lie to it. The fruit of the tree, when eaten, delivers a hidden truth. The tree might hold the key to her father's murder - or it may lure the murderer directly to Faith herself. Frances Hardinge is the author of many acclaimed novels, including Cuckoo Song, which earned five starred reviews.
Critic Reviews
More from the same
What listeners say about The Lie Tree
Average Customer RatingsReviews - Please select the tabs below to change the source of reviews.
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Beth
- 12-03-16
Clever & Intriguing!
Very creative & original!! The kind of book that gets your imagination flowing. Great read & listening.
3 people found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Inky
- 10-21-17
Terrible narrator and Boring philosophical rambling
The reader: One of the worst readers ever, her voices do not change for characters and her accent sounds like an American trying to fake what they think a British accent sounds like with the atrocious way she emphasizes every single syllable of a word to stress a British accent.
The Story:
There's really not much story to begin with, the plot is really minimally developed: Clever Heroine (Faith) paired with rival-attraction boy set out to solve the mystery of her father's (The Reverend) death. Both are piled into a plot of supposed mystery and intrigue as they are faced with the gutter snipes and wealthy classes.
The murderer's backstory and
motivation for why they unreserved faith's father was a little interesting, but the story so overladen with droll metaphors and philosophical musings that by the story's climax you feel less surprised and just flatly like: oh I guess that works, type of feeling.
The characters:
Faith is probably the most frustrating of all bc she is a whiny sneaky little smart Alec that I really couldn't find any connection with her as a reader. She's more than a little self-conceited (always thinking she is more cleverer than 99.9% of most of the characters she is forced to interact with *with the exception of her father that I just couldn't like her.
The rest of the characters seem to fall flat, despite all their backstories or idiosyncrasies described in the book and seem more as simple background or prop pieces that are forcibly forced into the story who's sole existences are only a means to inject some progress into propelling the story onwards at its snail pace.
With that being said I returned this book, and recommend a "Face like Glass" instead
5 people found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Alyssa
- 09-07-16
A book of truth and determination!
Would you listen to The Lie Tree again? Why?
Yes- thought a bit slow at times, it was a wonderful story.
What was one of the most memorable moments of The Lie Tree?
The amazing growth of the tree with each lie, though no one believed!
What does Charlotte Wright bring to the story that you wouldn’t experience if you just read the book?
Honestly, she was a nice narrator, but nothing that would have changed the experience.
Any additional comments?
Isn't this photo something to gawk at? I totally love it - and it's just one version of this book's cover. The photo belongs to a book called, The Lie Tree, by Frances Hardinge. I can't get over the sketching; it's mysterious, curious and almost evil, but does it match the actual story..,
(This photos was found via Google.com. I only added the title.)
The story tells of Faith, the eldest daughter, who discovered her father's work has been scrutinized and found scandalous. He'd been accused of an intellectual fabrication so great, the family fled into the night from Kent, to an island called Vane, But that desperate run served no assistance, because later her father is discovered dead, assumed to have committed the ultimate sin: suidide. Faith refuses to believe so and she set herself on a mission to clear her father's name and uncover a killer.
What I've come to decide is, this book shouldn't have been titled The Lie Tree, but Faith Determined! It was all about how she could put things to right. Dead right! It didn't matter who fell upon her plan either. The Lie Tree allowed her to assumably feed the mysterious three a lie, in order to receive a truth...
*For the full book review: http://tinyurl.com/hr35sm5
**Book is from my personal library, for an honest review.
2 people found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Anonymous User
- 07-04-20
Not bad, but much too dark.
Don't read this if you are easily depressed. It is dark, so give yourself ample time in between readings if you can.
1 person found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Danielle Mateyka
- 04-02-19
Wonderful Book!
The only thing I did not like was sometimes in the story it started dragging onward and felt boring. But, as I did enjoy this story, I will read (or listen to) The Lie Tree once more to appreciate the book’s details. The reader did an excellent job using her voice in different tones in different places of the book and changing the sound of her voice if she changed to different characters and/or needed a different tone for emotion. I would highly recommend! Thank you for the excellent reading experience!
1 person found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- E. Beckstrom
- 03-12-22
so well written, what a great book
This 55-year-old man who is a fan of anything that is captivating and well written so enjoyed this story and audiobook. Frances Hardinge is officially one of my new favorite authors and I will seek out reader Charlotte Wright.
this story is exciting and imaginative, with beautifully written language, a clever plot, and a clever and brave lead protagonist. The female empowerment rheme is not heavy-handed but is nonetheless front and center in a way that is completely interwoven into the story and the plot. As with Hardinge's other work, the other great strength of this novel is, relatedly, deep, meticulous, and surprising character development.
I can't praise this story enough. it is vastly underrated on Goodreads and I recommend it to anyone who enjoys fiction written for younger people, but which does not talk down to them and is also written so well that anyone who enjoys good writing and a good story will thoroughly enjoy it.
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- MsTJ225
- 08-11-20
An unexpected great read
The book was honestly really good. It did have a slow start but after a while it became very interesting and leaving you wanting to know more. It was a really great murder mystery.I recommend it to anyone who likes to read about mysteries, scandals, and a little touch of magic.
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Deirdre Johnson
- 02-11-20
What a fantastic story! And great reader!
This Victorian fantasy/Mystery kept me thoroughly engrossed . The prose is gorgeous, the plot fantastic, and the setting vividly imagined and described. I would recommend it to any teen or adult with the patience to let the plot unfold gradually, while the characters grow and change. Caveat: there are disturbing elements, and some violence, but nothing too graphic.
Kudos to the narrator, who does a beautiful job! I will look for more books she reads.
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Heather
- 08-07-18
Interesting Setting but Uninteresting Reveal
Overall I enjoyed this book. It takes place in a period that fantasy usually doesn't. I was intrigued by the idea of the plant and was pulled along through the story wanting to know how it would all come out. The setting of archaeological digs was interesting and the author mixes in social norms of the period. There's a lot of focus on women's lack of power during this period, which seemed well-researched to me. I also liked the idea, at the end of what the tree really is.
That said, I was very disappointed that the author didn't actually follow through on what the book initially said the tree was. The book very much implies that the tree imparts knowledge that no one else would know. But the visions that she sees only have to do with her father's murder. It just doesn't make sense that the tree would be that sought -after if it wasn't really special knowledge.
1 person found this helpful
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
- Stephanie Carroll
- 12-06-17
Great Gothic Victorian!
I really enjoyed this. I write Gothic Victorian historical fiction and it's not easy to find great books in the genre that aren't cliche or romance-centric. It did not feel like I was reading young adult so it wasn't pandering. I particularly enjoyed the author's word choices, visuals, and metaphors/similes. I'm definitely going to try another one of her books next.
1 person found this helpful