In this episode, we compare pre-conquest England with the transformed nation that emerged afterward. We explain how the invasion reset the country’s trajectory.

In this episode, we analyze how close Hardrada came to success. We map out the moments that shifted the campaign against him.

In this episode, we examine how outward expansion transitioned into long-term rule. We explore the economic drivers behind their state-building.

In this episode, we review how the Frankish defense succeeded under immense pressure. We explore why this event became a symbol of resistance.

In this episode, we follow Charlemagne’s evolution from battlefield leader to imperial ruler. We examine the conflicts that enabled his ascent.

In this episode, we detail the breakthrough that changed world history. We explore why the city’s legendary defenses finally failed.

In this episode, we detail how massive storms tore apart the invasion fleets. We examine why the Mongols were unprepared for such conditions.

In this episode, we explore how fear, reputation, and precision were used as strategic tools. We examine the impact these tactics had on enemy nations.