Using DNA Testing for Ethnic Ancestry

In this episode, Christopher Robbins interviews Richard Hill, the first adoptee to identify his birth family through genetic genealogy. Hill is the author of Finding Family: My Search for Roots and the Secrets in My DNA .They discuss DNA testing for ethnic ancestry, exploring why results often surprise people due to the randomness of DNA inheritance and thousands of years of human migration and mixing. Richard explains the differences between major testing companies' databases, recommends 23andMe for ethnicity testing based on his research, and addresses common questions like why Native American ancestry often doesn't show up in tests. The conversation emphasizes that while ethnicity results are interesting, the real value lies in genetic matching for genealogy and finding biological relatives. Episode Highlights 00:00:09: Christopher Robbins welcomes listeners to the Helping Families Be Happy podcast and introduces himself as co-founder of Familius Publishing, husband, father of nine, and Central Valley California resident. 00:01:12: Richard Hill shares that he has been married for 57 years and lives in Michigan with his wife and two cats. 00:01:14: The episode focuses on DNA testing, ethnicity, family history, and available resources and strategies for exploring roots and branches, aligning with Familius habits of Learn Together and Love Together. 00:01:45: Richard thanks Christopher for having him on the podcast to discuss DNA testing. 00:01:47: Christopher asks Richard to explain what DNA testing for ethnic ancestry is. 00:01:51: Richard explains that over 53 million DNA tests have been done by companies like Ancestry, 23andMe, Family Tree DNA, and MyHeritage, with about half at Ancestry which has the biggest database. 00:03:31: Christopher asks how people get tested and why many are surprised by their results. 00:03:39: Richard describes the testing process involving ordering a kit online, either spitting saliva into a tube or rubbing cheek swabs, then sending it back for results in a few weeks. 00:04:33: Richard explains the randomness of DNA inheritance, noting that while you get 50% from each parent, which 50% is random, meaning you may not get an even 25% from each grandparent. 00:05:32: Richard discusses how ethnic groups have been mixing for thousands of years, using Vikings as an example of migration patterns that occurred over a thousand years ago throughout Europe. 00:06:20: Christopher summarizes that different company databases and DNA randomness explain why siblings might see different results. 00:06:38: Richard confirms that each child is a different conception with a different random mix, so siblings might get vastly different percentages from the same grandparents. 00:07:09: Christopher asks why Native American ancestry often doesn't show up in DNA tests despite family histories suggesting it. 00:07:21: Richard explains that Native Americans originally migrated from Asia 10-20,000 years ago, but have been mixing with Europeans for 400-500 years, diluting the distinctive DNA signature. 00:08:47: Christopher asks which companies Richard recommends for ethnicity testing given the different databases. 00:09:04: Richard describes his popular presentation comparing DNA ethnicity estimates using his wife as a test subject since she is 50% Croatian through her father's parents. 00:10:14: Christopher asks why this information is important beyond curiosity and what people can do with it. 00:10:32: Richard emphasizes that genetic matching for finding relatives and common ancestors is more important than ethnicity results, though ethnicity can provide clues about which family branch connects you to matches. 00:11:16: Christopher asks where listeners can find Richard online. 00:11:34: Richard shares his website: DNAfavorites.com. 00:11:38: Christopher concludes by thanking Famis for support, encouraging listeners to subscribe and leave reviews, and reminding them that one step at a time they can make the world a happier place. Key Takeaways DNA inheritance is random, meaning siblings can receive vastly different percentages of DNA from the same grandparents, leading to surprising ethnicity results.Ethnicity estimates are not as accurate as genetic matching because they're based on reference populations that vary by company and are affected by thousands of years of human migration and mixing.Native American ancestry often doesn't appear in DNA tests because most Native American populations have mixed extensively with Europeans over the past 400-500 years, diluting the distinctive genetic signature.Different DNA testing companies have different databases and reference populations, which significantly impacts ethnicity results; 23andMe currently provides the most accurate ethnicity estimates based on comparative testing.The primary value of DNA testing lies in genetic matching to find relatives and trace family trees rather than in ethnicity estimates, which serve more as interesting supplemental...