Episodios

  • Yes, We Have Bananas

    Yes, We Have Bananas
    Apr 10 2026
    Bananas, the world’s favourite fruit, were first displayed in London on 10th April, 1633, in the shop window of botanist Thomas Johnson, editor for Gerard’s Herball. Despite societal taboos surrounding the banana's suggestive shape, its journey from obscurity to ubiquity was later propelled by Minor Cooper Keith, whose entrepreneurial endeavours in Costa Rica transformed the fruit into a global commodity - albeit one entangled in the power struggles and exploitation of Central America, earning the term "Banana Republic." In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly reveal why banana-flavoured sweets DO taste like bananas; examine how English horticulturalists forever stamped their mark on this tropical fruit; and consider whether the fruit Eve reached for in the Garden of Eden was actually a banana… Further Reading: • ‘How the Banana Came To Be—And How It Could Disappear’ (Lithub, 2023): https://lithub.com/how-the-banana-came-to-be-and-how-it-could-disappear/ • ‘Mystery of the Tudor banana’ (The Guardian, 1999): https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jun/16/maevkennedy • ‘Who Was The Man Behind The Banana Republics Of Central America?’ (Timeline, 2024): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDH9JEuYUNA We'll be back on Monday - unless you join CLUB RETROSPECTORS, where we give you ad-free listening AND a full-length Sunday episode every week!Plus, weekly bonus content, unlock over 70 bonus bits, and support our independent podcast.Join now via Apple Podcasts or Patreon. Thanks!The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart.Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. This episode originally aired in 2024. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    12 m
  • Less of the Moors

    Less of the Moors
    Apr 9 2026
    Spain began expel Moriscos - the descendants of Muslims who had converted, often under pressure, to Christianity - on 9th April, 1609. Although many had lived alongside Christian neighbours for generations, political suspicion lingered, and King Phillip III increasingly viewed them as a problem to be solved rather than a community to be integrated: expelling the Moriscos offered a way to assert religious conformity while also making practical use of naval resources no longer required for war. Longstanding fears, partly grounded in memory of Islamic rule in Iberia and partly in anxiety about the expanding Ottoman Empire, fed the idea that Moriscos might act as an internal threat, even where little concrete evidence existed. The human consequences were severe. Estimates suggest that hundreds of thousands were expelled, most commonly to North Africa, where they were not always welcomed. The journeys themselves were dangerous, marked by unrest, violence, and significant loss of life. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explore the parallels with more recent events; reveal the lasting effects the expulsion had on Spain itself; and consider the authenticity of conversions conducted during the Reconquista… Further Reading: • ‘The Expulsion of the Moriscos’ (Al-Andalus y la Historia, 2024): https://www.alandalusylahistoria.com/?p=4679 • ‘The Expulsion of the Moriscos, 1609-1614’ (History Today, 1978): https://www.historytoday.com/archive/expulsion-moriscos-1609-1614 • ‘In Search of My Roots’ (Al Jazeera, 2021): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sznIwFim_x0 #Spain #Muslim #1600s #Racism Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    13 m
  • The Nudge Revolution

    The Nudge Revolution
    Apr 8 2026
    Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler’s bestseller ‘Nudge’ was released on 8th April, 2008, catapulting a new method of behavioural economics into the public psyche - and the hands of policymakers, including David Cameron and Barack Obama. The book challenged the notion of humans as rational decision-makers, and explained how companies, governments and individuals can ‘nudge’ people towards healthier habits, responsible financial decisions, or civic engagement if ‘decisions’ are framed in the right context - a technique they called "libertarian paternalism." In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly ask just how effective nudge theory really is; explain how the project was inspired by a bowl of cashew nuts; and discover how Thomas Crapper was centuries ahead of his time… Further Reading: • ‘Nudge theory: what 15 years of research tells us about its promises and politics’ (The Conversation, 2023): https://theconversation.com/nudge-theory-what-15-years-of-research-tells-us-about-its-promises-and-politics-210534 • ‘The nudge unit – has it worked so far?’ (The Guardian, 2013): https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/may/02/nudge-unit-has-it-worked • ‘Nudge: the final edition’ (LSE, 2021): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEkfqQAp6wk Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. This episode originally aired in 2024. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    12 m
  • I'm Betty Ford, And I'm An Alcoholic

    I'm Betty Ford, And I'm An Alcoholic
    Apr 7 2026
    Former First Lady Betty Ford quietly marked what she would later call her “sobriety birthday” on 7 April 1978: a deeply personal victory following years of dependence on prescription medication and alcohol. Though the milestone itself was private, it came just days after a profoundly difficult family intervention at her home in Rancho Mirage, where her husband, former President Gerald Ford, and their children confronted her with the toll her addiction had taken. Initially shocked and defensive, she ultimately recognised the truth in what they said, and within a week resolved to give up the substances that had come to dominate her life. Ford’s addiction had developed in ways that were, at the time, neither unusual nor widely questioned among affluent Americans: prescribed painkillers for a pinched nerve and managing chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis, alongside regular social drinking. Yet the cumulative effect - slurred speech, diminished public performance, and emotional distance - became impossible for her family to ignore. What distinguished Betty Ford, however, was the candour with which she addressed her struggles. After entering a naval rehabilitation facility in California, she publicly disclosed not only her dependence on medication but also her alcoholism; an extraordinary admission at a time when addiction carried intense stigma, particularly among public figures. This openness echoed her earlier willingness to speak frankly on controversial issues, including women’s rights, abortion, and her own breast cancer diagnosis, helping to redefine expectations of what a First Lady could say and do. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly unpick the profound cultural impact of her decision to go public; explain how she channeled that momentum into the foundation of the Betty Ford Center in California; and discover how her surprisingly rebellious, modern image marks her out amongst Republican figures of the 70s… Further Reading: • ‘New Memoir Recalls How First Lady Betty Ford Found Her Calling’ (Town and Country, 2025): https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a63236806/when-betty-ford-shared-addiction-struggles-bob-barrett-book/ • ‘The Times Obituary: Betty Ford’ (The Times, 2011): https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/the-times-obituary-betty-ford-g3ft06076qw • ‘Tour the Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage, California’ (Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 2019): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omvwYwYMegI #Celebrity #Person #US #70s Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    14 m
  • The Surprising History of Post-Its

    The Surprising History of Post-Its
    Apr 6 2026
    3M scientist Spencer Silver created the adhesive that makes Post-It Notes sticky back in 1968 - but it wasn’t until 6th April, 1980 that the stationery product we all know and love was first released to consumers, in a promotional effort the company termed ‘The Boiasie Blitz’. The problem? His "invention" wasn’t what his company wanted. Rather than strong, industrial-grade glue, Silver had accidentally made the opposite—an adhesive that was weirdly weak but could be stuck and removed multiple times. A "solution without a problem," as he put it. Fast forward to 1974, and fellow 3M scientist Art Fry had a eureka moment while struggling with loose bookmarks in his church hymnal… In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly reveal how a mass giveaway was the key to unlocking the viral marketing power of this ‘self-advertising’ product; discover why the notes’ now-iconic yellow colour came about; and discover an out-of-court settlement that arguably casts some doubt on the product’s remarkable origin story… Further Reading: • ‘The Invention of the Post-it® Note’ (National Inventors Hall of Fame): https://www.invent.org/blog/trends-stem/who-invented-post-it-notes#:~:text=At%20first%2C%20the%20reception%20was,launched%20across%20the%20United%20States. • ‘The ‘hallelujah moment’ behind the invention of the Post-it note’ (CNN Business, 2013): https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/04/tech/post-it-note-history/index.html • ‘Fun With Sticky Post-It Notes’ (CBS, 2008): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYPjdfPlOjE Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. #Inventions #Discoveries #Business #80s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    12 m
  • The First Motorbike

    The First Motorbike
    Apr 3 2026
    Gottlieb Daimler's patent for his high-speed petrol engine (dubbed the "Grandfather Clock") on 3rd April, 1885, wasn't just a technological breakthrough—it inadvertently birthed the motorbike. Teaming up with Wilhelm Maybach, the duo had crafted a compact engine featuring float-metered carburetors and mushroom intake valves, all powered by hot tube ignition. This engine found its way into their first vehicle prototype, the Petroleum Riding Car, which bore little resemblance to today's motorcycles but represented a pioneering step towards motorised transportation. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain how it was not Daimler, but his son, Paul, who became the first-ever motorbiker; consider the steam-powered predecessors that could potentially lay claim to inventing the motorbike; and explain how Daimler took what he’d learned from these experiences to establish Mercedes… Further Reading: • ‘An Overview of the Motorcycle's History’ (ThoughtCo, 2019): https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-motorcycle-1992151 • ‘History Channel’ (Motoring World, 2017): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Motoring_World/Pt0xDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Daimler+Reitwagen&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover • ‘The riding car – a Daimler patent’ (Mercedes-Benz TV, 2010): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0Tvuya6otc We'll be back on Monday - unless you join CLUB RETROSPECTORS, where we give you ad-free listening AND a full-length Sunday episode every week!Plus, weekly bonus content, unlock over 70 bonus bits, and support our independent podcast.Join now via Apple Podcasts or Patreon. Thanks!The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart.Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. This episode originally aired in 2024. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    12 m
  • Let's Legalise Pinball

    Let's Legalise Pinball
    Apr 2 2026
    With a single, deliberate shot, Roger Sharpe played pinball for the council of the New York City Council chamber on 2 April 1976, theatrically overturning a 34-year ban on the game by proving it could be a game of skill. The city’s censorship of the game had its roots in the economic strain of the Great Depression and the moral recalibrations following Prohibition, when pinball machines, often found in arcades and bars, became associated with petty gambling and organised crime. New York’s mayor, Fiorello LaGuardia, made them a particular focus of his anti-corruption campaigns, arguing that they exploited the young and the poor. His administration confiscated and publicly destroyed machines, even melting them down during the Second World War as part of the wartime metal drive. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly track the shifting cultural attitudes of the 1970s, thanks in part to the Who’s ‘Tommy’; explain how the introduction of flippers in 1947 (notably in the game Humpty Dumpty) fundamentally pivoted pinball into a game of skill; and reveal the world record for the longest ever pinball marathon… Further Reading: • ‘49 Years Later: ‘Pinball’ and the Legendary Shot’ (MPI, 2025): https://thempi.org/latest-stories/49-years-later-pinball-and-the-legendary-shot/ • ‘Pinball Prohibition Explained and Why Pinball Was Once Illegal’ (Kineticist, 2024): https://www.kineticist.com/news/pinball-prohibition • ‘Today Show: Pinball History’ (NBC, 1990): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJb2-f9jZE0 #Games #70s #Crime #NewYork #Strange Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    13 m
  • The Spaghetti Harvest

    The Spaghetti Harvest
    Apr 1 2026
    One of the most famous hoaxes in broadcasting history aired on the BBC’s revered Panorama programme on April Fools Day, 1957: a segment purporting to show a “spaghetti harvest” taking place near Lake Lugano. According to the report, mild weather and the disappearance of a “spaghetti weevil” had resulted in trees unseasonably laden with strands of pasta. The prank originated with Charles de Jaeger, who drew on a childhood memory of being teased that spaghetti grew on trees. With the backing of Panorama’s young Editor, Michael Peacock, his team travelled to Switzerland to film convincing footage. Local participants were dressed in traditional costume and shown harvesting spaghetti from branches, laying it out to dry in the sun. The script, written by David Wheeler, leaned into agricultural imagery, subtly echoing wine harvesting, to lend the absurd premise a veneer of plausibility. Crucial to the hoax’s success was the authoritative narration of Richard Dimbleby, one of the most trusted voices in post-war Britain. At a time when television itself was still relatively new and widely trusted, and when many Britons had limited familiarity with Italian cuisine, the idea of spaghetti growing on trees was not immediately dismissed as nonsense; even BBC Director-General Ian Jacob had to consult three reference books to confirm it was indeed a joke. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly uncover the blowback from viewers who were in equal parts credulous and insulted; consider if a public service broadcaster could mount such a successful prank these days; and ask why this segment remains so well remembered, nearly seventy years on… Further Reading: • ‘Inside The Bizarre 'Spaghetti Tree' Hoax Of 1957’ (All That’s Interesting, 2021): https://allthatsinteresting.com/spaghetti-tree-hoax • ‘When A Spaghetti Tree Hoax Caused A Nationwide Uproar’ (HistoryNet, 2023): https://historynet.com/bbc-spaghetti-tree-hoax/ • ‘Panorama: The Spaghetti Harvest’ (BBC, 1957): https://www.youtubInside The Bizarre 'Spaghetti Tree' Hoax Of 1957e.com/watch?v=8scpGwbvxvI #50s #Switzerland #TV #Funny Love the show? Support us! Join 🌴CLUB RETROSPECTORS🌴to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode each SUNDAY… … Plus, get weekly bonus bits, and unlock over 100 bits of extra content. Join now with a free trial on Apple Podcasts or Patreon and support our show ❤️ The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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    12 m