Today's podcast covers:

〜から — because, since, from

The particle attaches to the end of a verb, adjective, or noun phrase to indicate a reason or cause, meaning 'because' or 'since'. It can also indicate a starting point in time or place, meaning 'from'.

Example: 雨が降っているから、家にいます。 Because it is raining, I am staying home.

Vocabulary:

• 雨が — rain (subject marker)
• 降っているから — because it is falling, raining
• 家に — at home
• います — I am, I stay

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Today's podcast covers:

〜てはいけません — You must not do, it is forbidden to do (prohibition)

The pattern is formed by attaching it to the te-form of a verb. It expresses a prohibition or rule, meaning that an action is not allowed or must not be done.

Example: 図書館で食べてはいけません。 You must not eat in the library.

Vocabulary:

• 図書館で — in the library
• 食べてはいけません — must not eat

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Today's podcast covers:

こう — like this, in this way, thus

This is a demonstrative adverb used to describe the manner of doing something, referring to something close to the speaker or something the speaker is about to demonstrate. It is often paired with verbs to show how an action is performed.

Example: こうやって折り紙を折ります。 You fold origami like this.

Vocabulary:

• こうやって — like this, in this manner
• 折り紙を — origami (object marker)
• 折ります — to fold (polite form)

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