Attackers are increasingly abusing the same remote access tools that IT teams rely on every day. In this episode, Hazel sits down with Talos security researcher Pierre Cadieux to unpack why these legitimate tools have become such an effective tactic for adversaries.

Pierre explains how the flexibility, legitimacy, and built-in capabilities of remote access management tools make them ideal for attackers who want to stay under the radar. They discuss trends Talos Incident Response is seeing in the field, examples of commonly abused tools, and the challenges defenders face when trying to detect misuse.

You'll also hear practical advice on what defenders and IT teams can do today to better secure their environments — and what the rise of remote access management tool abuse tells us about attacker behavior and the current state of cybercrime.

Resources mentioned:

• Talos Incident Response Quarterly Trends Report
• When Legitimate Tools Go Rogue (Talos Blog)

Hazel welcomes back Ryan Fetterman from the SURGe team to explore his new research on how large language models (LLMs) can assist those who work in security operations centers to identify malicious PowerShell scripts. From teaching LLMs through examples, to using retrieval-augmented generation and fine-tuning specialized models, Ryan walks us through three distinct approaches, with surprising performance gains. For the full research, head to https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/guiding-llms-with-security-context.html

Chetan Raghuprasad joins Hazel to discuss his threat hunting research into fake AI tool installers, which criminals are using to distribute ransomware, RATS, stealers and other destructive malware. He discusses the attack chain of three different campaigns, including one which even tries to justify its ransom as "humanitarian aid."

For the full research, read Chetan's blog at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/fake-ai-tool-installers/

Edmund Brumaghin joins Hazel to discuss how threat actors (including state sponsored attackers), are increasingly compartmentalizing their attacks i.e they're bringing in specialist skillsets from other groups to handle different aspects of the attack chain. Edmund discusses why this is happening, and the challenges this poses for defenders when it comes to attribution and reporting. He then discusses several solutions which seek to evolve traditional threat modelling, and help provide clarity to defenders.

More details can be found in this blog https://blog.talosintelligence.com/compartmentalized-threat-modeling/

If you're interested in our other blog on initial access groups, that can be found at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/redefining-initial-access-brokers/

In this episode, Hazel welcomes Talos researcher Ashley Shen to discuss the evolution of initial access brokers (IABs) and the importance of distinguishing between different types of IABs. We talk about the need for a new taxonomy to categorize IABs into three types: financially motivated (FIA), state-sponsored (SIA), and opportunistic (OIA) initial access groups. This taxonomy aims to improve threat modeling and defense strategies by providing a clearer understanding of the motivations and behaviors of different IABs.

For more details, check out the blog that Ashley co-authored with other Talos researchers https://blog.talosintelligence.com/redefining-initial-access-brokers/

A jam packed episode of guests means a slightly longer Talos Takes for your feed today! We welcome Amy Chang and Omar Santos from Cisco, Vitor Ventura from Talos, and Ryan Fetterman from Splunk. Together, we discuss how AI isn't rewriting the cybercrime playbook, but it is turbo charging some of the old tricks, particularly on the social engineering side. We also touch on threat actor-built LLMs and where things may be headed. We then talk about how defensive strategies can leverage AI, particularly in the SOC, to increase visibility and make determinations a lot quicker.

Resources mentioned in the episode:

Talos' 2024 Year in Review

Cisco's State of AI Security report

Defending at machine speed, by Splunk

Steven Leung from Cisco Duo joins Hazel to discuss the prevalence of identity-based attacks, why they're happening, and the various methods attackers are using to circumvent MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication), based on data in Talos' 2024 Year in Review.

Topics we touch on include phishing, push spray attacks, and Adversary-in-the Middle campaigns, and throughout the episode Steven provides best practice recommendations for implementing MFA at scale, without increasing user friction.

For more resources, check out the Duo blog, and Talos' 2024 Year in Review.

Azim Khodjibaev and Lexi DiScola join Hazel to discuss some of the most prolific ransomware groups (and why LockBit may end this year very differently to how they ended 2024). They also discuss the dominant techniques of ransomware actors, where low-profile tactics led to high-impact consequences.

For the full analysis, download Talos' 2024 Year in Review at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2024yearinreview/