• Nanofiber Encapsulation of Pseudomonas for Sustained Mosquito Larvicide Release (April 2025)

  • Apr 21 2025
  • Duración: 14 m
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Nanofiber Encapsulation of Pseudomonas for Sustained Mosquito Larvicide Release (April 2025)

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  • Briefing Document: Nanofiber Encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Sustained Mosquito Larvicide ReleaseDate: Received - 13 December 2024 | Accepted - 04 April 2025 | Published - 21 April 2025 Source: Excerpts from "Nanofiber encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the sustained release of mosquito larvicides" https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97400-w1. Executive Summary:This study investigates a novel approach for mosquito vector control using nanofiber encapsulation of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research addresses the inadequacy of current vector control strategies in eliminating mosquito-borne diseases by developing a method for the sustained release of bacterial larvicides. P. aeruginosa was selected for its potent larvicide production compared to other tested Pseudomonas species. The study demonstrates that encapsulating P. aeruginosa in electrospun nanofibers protects the bacteria, mimicking natural biofilms, enhances their survival in aquatic environments, and allows for prolonged larvicide production without harming non-target organisms (guppy fish). This nanotechnology-based method shows promise for controlling mosquito larvae in various breeding habitats over extended periods, potentially reducing application frequency and costs.2. Background and Problem Statement:Mosquito-borne diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, etc.) pose a significant global health threat, affecting hundreds of millions annually.Existing vector control strategies, primarily chemical insecticides and environmental management, are often insufficient for complete vector elimination.Increased insecticide resistance and environmental concerns associated with chemical methods necessitate the development of novel, sustainable approaches.Biological control using bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus offers a safer alternative, but their efficacy depends on persistence in the environment.Sustained-release formulations of microbial larvicides are highly desirable to reduce application frequency and costs.Conventional immobilization techniques for sustained release often suffer from limitations like low diffusion and reduced microbial viability."Despite the rising global incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, existing vector control strategies remain inadequate for completely eliminating vectors from their breeding sites."3. Key Findings and Concepts:Superiority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Among the tested Pseudomonas species (P. fluorescens and P. putida), P. aeruginosa demonstrated the most potent larvicidal activity against four major mosquito vectors: Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles stephensi."During the initial screening, Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved to be more effective than the other two tested species, P. fluorescens and P. putida, in producing potent larvicides and was therefore selected for nanofiber encapsulation studies."Nanofiber Encapsulation Technique: Electrospinning was used to create a thin fibrous material at the nanoscale (1 nm - 1 µm) from Pluronic F127 dimethacrylate (F127-DM) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to encapsulate and immobilize live P. aeruginosa bacteria."In the present study, we rectified the shortcomings of conventional immobilization by developing a thin fibrous material at the nanoscale level (typically between 1 nm and 1 µm) using electrospinning to encapsulate and immobilize live bacteria."Protection and Sustained Release: Nanofiber encapsulation shields the bacterial cells from environmental stress, mimicking natural biofilms, thereby enhancing their survival and prolonging larvicide production. The cross-linking of the nanofibers prevents their rapid dissolution in water."This study aimed to encapsulate larvicide-producing bacteria in nanofibers designed to shield bacterial cells from environmental stress—mimicking natural biofilms—thereby enhancing their survival in aquatic habitats and prolonging larvicide production."Efficacy in Batch Systems (Container Breeding Habitats): Nanofiber-encapsulated P. aeruginosa demonstrated sustained larvicidal activity in batch systems (simulating stagnant water bodies). The spent water containing released metabolites remained lethal to all four tested mosquito species for at least 8 days."In the batch system, the spent water with metabolites of P. aeruginosa was lethal to all the tested species of larvae, such as Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, to varying degrees... The larvicidal potency of the spent water either remained the same as observed on the first day or increased during the subsequent days of incubation."Reduced Efficacy in Continuous Systems (Flowing Water Habitats): In continuous flow systems (simulating paddy fields or tanks with water inflow), the larvicidal efficacy of the released metabolites declined over subsequent days, suggesting...
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