Aaron Klein is a senior fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution. Aaron returns to the show to discuss his paper with George Selgin calling for real time payments, the inequality caused by the Fed's current payment processes, the results of Covid time QE, recommendations for dealing with future crises, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week's episode, now with links.

Recorded on December 11th, 2025

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Timestamps

00:00:00 - Intro

00:01:06- Faster Payments

00:29:09 - Fed Governance

00:30:35 - Quantitative Easing and Housing Inflation Post-COVID

00:52:16 - Fed Assets

01:01:149 - Outro

Per Åsberg Sommar is a senior advisor in the markets department at the Swedish central bank. In Per's first appearance on the show, he discusses his career as a central banker, the history of the Riksbank, evolutions in inflation targeting at the Riksbank, changes in the Sweden's central banks operating system, its new tool called the Deposit Requirement Facility, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week's episode, now with links.

Recorded on December 12th, 2025

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Timestamps

00:00:00 - Intro

00:02:08 - Per's Career

00:04:02 - Riksbank

00:09:07 - Inflation Targeting at Riksbank

00:11:56 - Riksbank's Operating System

00:15:39 - Certificate of Deposits

00:33:42 - Quantitative Tightening

00:36:42 - The Deposit Requirement Facility

00:45:38 - Other Central Banks and Demand-Driven Systems

00:58:16 - Outro

David Beckworth and producer Sam Alburger dive into the last year of Macro Musings. They discuss David's foray into Substack, their favorite episodes of the year, the most popular episodes of 2025, David's push for NGDP targeting, this year's most hotly contested episode, how the year 2025 will be remembered in macro history, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week's episode, now with links.

Recorded on December 10th, 2025

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Follow the show on X: @Macro_Musings

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Timestamps

00:00:00 - Intro

00:01:16 - Macroeconomic Policy Nexus

00:12:24 - David's All-Star AI FOMC

00:14:46 - Most Entertaining Economist Debate

00:16:46 - Underrated or Favorite Episodes

00:24:30 - Most Popular Episodes

00:26:15 - The Push for Nominal GDP Targeting

00:32:10 - Accountability at the Fed

00:36:23 - Bitcoin Policy Summit

00:40:28 - Macro Musings at the Atlanta Federal Reserve

00:44:32 - Review of 2024 in Macro

00:47:17 - Macro in 2025

00:51:40 - Thank You

00:55:48 - Outro