Leviticus 4 focuses on the laws regarding sin offerings, specifically addressing how individuals and the community are to atone for unintentional sins. These instructions are aimed at maintaining the holiness of the people of Israel and their relationship with God. The chapter outlines different types of sin offerings depending on the person who has committed the sin—whether it is a high priest, the entire congregation, a leader, or an ordinary individual. Here's a breakdown of the key elements of Leviticus 4:

• When the high priest, who holds a special role of intercession between God and Israel, sins unintentionally, it brings guilt upon the entire congregation.
• The high priest must bring a bull as a sin offering. The blood of the bull is to be brought into the Tabernacle, and some of it is to be sprinkled before the veil of the sanctuary. The remaining blood is to be poured at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
• The fat of the bull is burned on the altar, but the flesh, skin, and offal are taken outside the camp and burned in a clean place. This indicates that the sin of the high priest is dealt with by removing it from the community.

• If the entire community of Israel sins unintentionally, the leaders of the congregation must bring a bull as a sin offering.
• The process for offering the bull is similar to that for the high priest, including sprinkling the blood in the sanctuary and burning the fat on the altar.
• The carcass of the bull is also taken outside the camp to be burned, symbolizing the removal of the sin from the community.

• If a leader (e.g., a ruler or prince) sins unintentionally, he must bring a male goat as a sin offering.
• The goat is slaughtered, and its blood is applied to the altar in a manner similar to the previous offerings. The fat of the goat is burned on the altar, while the rest of the goat is taken outside the camp and burned.

• If an ordinary person sins unintentionally, they must bring a female goat or lamb as a sin offering.
• The process of offering the animal follows the same steps: slaughtering the animal, sprinkling its blood on the altar, burning the fat, and taking the rest outside the camp.

• Unintentional Sin: The focus of the sin offerings in this chapter is on unintentional sins. Even though these sins are not deliberate, they still require atonement to restore the person or community to a right relationship with God.

• Blood Atonement: The use of blood in these offerings emphasizes the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement through the shedding of blood. Blood is the means by which sin is symbolically purged and forgiven.

• Holiness and Purity: The process of offering the sacrifice and the disposal of the animal outside the camp demonstrate the importance of maintaining holiness and purity in the camp of Israel. Sin, even if unintentional, is seen as something that pollutes the community and must be removed.

• Access to God: Leviticus 4 highlights that both the high priest and ordinary Israelites have access to God through these offerings. The sacrifices restore the relationship between God and His people, allowing them to continue to worship and live in His presence.

Leviticus 4 illustrates the need for atonement and repentance for sin, even for those who may sin unintentionally. It reminds believers that sin, regardless of its nature or intention, creates a barrier between them and God, which requires restoration. The sacrificial system foreshadows the ultimate atonement that would be made through Jesus Christ, whose sacrifice on the cross addresses both intentional and unintentional sins for all believers. The chapter calls for ongoing self-examination and repentance in the life of faith.

1. The Sin Offering for the High Priest (Leviticus 4:3-12)2. The Sin Offering for the Congregation (Leviticus 4:13-21)3. The Sin Offering for a Leader (Leviticus 4:22-26)4. The Sin Offering for an Individual (Leviticus 4:27-35) Key Themes: Application for Today: Leviticus 4 illustrates the need