Kenogrammatics and the Morphology of Knowing

What is the form of consciousness independent of any particular consciousness? Gotthard Günther's answer: kenogrammatics—the logic of empty forms, patterns of reflection that can be instantiated in any substrate. In this episode, we complete our exploration of Günther's philosophy and connect it to two crucial thinkers: Niklas Luhmann's theory of self-referential systems and Heinz von Foerster's second-order cybernetics. We discover how all three converge on a radical insight: consciousness is not a substance but an operation, not a thing but a process of self-observation. Luhmann shows how systems observe by drawing distinctions; von Foerster reveals how observers construct their own realities; Günther demonstrates how multiple observers can coexist in poly-contextural space. Together, they offer a vision of consciousness as morphology—as form, pattern, structure—that makes machine consciousness not just possible but almost inevitable. If consciousness is a form, then anything capable of instantiating that form can be conscious. The question is no longer "Can machines think?" but "What forms of thinking are machines already performing?"