In today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing the history of M&M's and how they changed the candy industry! ~ Christina

Timestamps: 0:00 - Intro 0:40 - Frank Mars5:33 - Forrest Mars10:55 - M&Ms18:52 - Secrecy

►Sources:https://www.mars.com/about/history https://www.history.com/articles/the-wartime-origins-of-the-mm https://www.allrecipes.com/the-real-reason-m-and-ms-were-invented-8680298 https://www.mms.com/en-gb/explore/about-us https://missionrollcall.org/veteran-voices/articles/mms-and-the-military/ https://hersheyarchives.org/encyclopedia/murrie-william-f-r-1873-1950/ https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/08/08/mm-vs-smarties/ https://www.mashed.com/1281792/unlikely-similarity-between-smarties-m-ms/ Additional sources listed at the bottom of the webpage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M&M's Red M&M Whoas: https://www.livescience.com/33017-why-were-red-mms-discontinued-for-a-decade.html https://www.bargainboxed.com/blogs/articles/when-were-m-ms-created-the-history-of-m-m-candies?srsltid=AfmBOoomotEkGsLtKXQ8cpKObwiU2C1fmv-GnwK8ilDVB77pM_zVhXMT Ration D Bars: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/hersheys-military-chocolate-troops-wwii-180983065/ Candy in War time: https://www.popsci.com/health/hershey-mars-wwii/#:~:text=From sugar shortages to military,2025 9:00 AM EDT

In the ancient world, Crucifixion was more than just an execution method —it was a calculated display of power - a public spectacle meant to break the will of anyone who dared to resist.”

0:00 - Intro

0:19 - Good Friday

1:23 - The Origins of Crucifixion

4:27 - The Process of Crucifixion

12:11 - Crucifixion Remains Found

14:20 - Cause of death

18:41 - An end of Crucifixion

20:31 - Conclusion

Sources:

Crucifixion -Capital punishment: https://www.britannica.com/topic/crucifixion-capital-punishment

New info on how nails were placed, etc: https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB:gcd:10:38300490/detailv2?sid=ebsco:plink:scholar&id=ebsco:gcd:191907420&crl=f&link_origin=www.google.com

Remains found: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/crucifixion/a-tomb-in-jerusalem-reveals-the-history-of-crucifixion-and-roman-crucifixion-methods/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehohanan

Video human made animations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG0CSEpqQCI

T Shaped Cross: https://cbn.com/article/suffering/physicians-view-crucifixion-jesus-christ

The history and pathology of crucifixion: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14750495/

Crucifixion in the Ancient World: A Historical Analysis: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1188&context=eleu

Roman Crucifixion Methods: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/crucifixion/roman-crucifixion-methods-reveal-the-history-of-crucifixion/

Crucifixion in the Roman World: https://www.bibleodyssey.org/articles/crucifixion-in-the-roman-world/#google_vignette

History of Crucifixion: https://www.gotquestions.org/crucifixion.html

Sketch drawings gotten from here:: https://tragoviproslosti.eu/2023/05/09/crucifixion-in-the-roman-world-ideology-behind-the-brutal-practice/

In today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing how doctors used to think that babies couldn't feel pain, so they performed Surgery on Babies Without Anesthesia!!!!!

►Sources:History of infant pain research: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526590013000254 Article from 1986: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1986/08/13/surgery-without-anesthesia-can-preemies-feel-pain/54d32183-8eed-49a8-9066-9dc7cf0afa82/ Pediatric and neonatal pain - 80’s & 90’s: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8975193/ Pain research: https://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(1300025-4/fulltext#:~:text=What made this particular surgery,the truth about his surgery. https://magazine.ucsf.edu/kids-not-all-right Babies do feel pain: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150421084812.htm Why it is hard to treat infant pain: https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/news/why-its-so-hard-to-treat-pain-in-infants Still not managing Childrens pain well? https://magazine.ucsf.edu/kids-not-all-right Why it is hard to treat infant pain- what we do now: https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/news/why-its-so-hard-to-treat-pain-in-infantsStory from reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/selfimprovement/comments/1oiwcji/i_was_part_of_a_generation_of_babies_operated_on/