Frog Bacteria vs Cancer

First up, our lead story is a literal "leap" forward in medicine. Scientists in Japan have discovered that a bacterium found in the gut of a Japanese tree frog can completely destroy colon cancer. The microbe, called Ewingella americana, was tested in mice with human colon cancer tumors. The results were staggering: the bacterium achieved a 100% survival and response rate, quickly and completely eradicating the tumors. After the bacterium destroyed the cancer, the mice developed long-lasting immunity against the disease. It works by secreting toxins that poke holes in cancer cells while simultaneously "recruiting" the body’s own immune system to join the fight. While still in the mouse-model stage, researchers believe this could lead to powerful new therapies for metastatic cancers in humans.

Moving on to a medical miracle that sounds like science fiction. In a world-first, surgeons in China saved a woman’s severed ear by grafting it onto her foot.

The patient, identified as Sun, lost her ear and large portions of her scalp in a devastating industrial accident. Because of extensive vascular damage, the ear couldn’t be reattached to her head immediately. Instead, a microsurgery team grafted the ear to her foot—where the blood vessels are a similar size—to keep it alive while her other injuries healed. After five months of "living" on her foot, the ear was successfully reattached to her head in a six-hour surgery. Sun has since been discharged, and her facial structure has largely recovered. It’s a testament to the idea that no matter how small the chance, medical perseverance can save lives.

Next, let’s talk about a breakthrough in mental health.

Researchers at Stanford Medicine have identified a new category of depression called the "cognitive biotype," which affects about 27% of patients. This is a game-changer because this specific biotype doesn't respond well to standard, commonly prescribed antidepressants like Zoloft or Lexapro. Patients with this biotype often struggle with "cognitive slowness," sleep issues, and difficulty with self-control. By using brain imaging and objective cognitive tests, doctors can now move away from a "trial-and-error" process and provide individualised care that targets specific brain circuits.

Finally, for our featured stories, we have a message of hope for those affected by Alzheimer’s. For over a century, the disease has been considered irreversible, but new research is challenging that dogma.Scientists have found that a decline in a central energy molecule called NAD+ is a major driver of the disease. In a landmark study, researchers used a new pharmacological agent to restore NAD+ balance in mice with advanced Alzheimer’s. Remarkably, the treatment allowed the brain to repair itself, reversing memory loss and cognitive impairment. This suggests that the damage from Alzheimer’s may not be permanent, and that restoring brain energy balance could be the key to recovery.

All right, let’s dive into the Speed Round for even more great news!•

• New York has passed a law requiring "addictive feed" warning labels for teens, treating platforms with infinite scrolling and auto-play similarly to tobacco products to protect youth mental health.
• Scientists in Sweden can now print electrodes directly onto human skin using nothing more than visible light from simple LED lamps, paved the way for safer, wearable medical sensors.•
• Researchers in Japan have doubled the efficiency of solar hydrogen production by using the metal osmium to capture a wider range of the sun's waves than ever before
• A scientific "mismatch" between computer models and lab results led to a breakthrough in carbon capture technology. By discovering that hidden water was blocking the process, scientists developed a new water-repellent material that captures CO2 more effectively.

That’s it for today’s episode of Great News.