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CyberCode Academy

CyberCode Academy

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Welcome to CyberCode Academy — your audio classroom for Programming and Cybersecurity.
🎧 Each course is divided into a series of short, focused episodes that take you from beginner to advanced level — one lesson at a time.
From Python and web development to ethical hacking and digital defense, our content transforms complex concepts into simple, engaging audio learning.
Study anywhere, anytime — and level up your skills with CyberCode Academy.
🚀 Learn. Code. Secure.Copyright CyberCode Academy Educación
Episodios
  • Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 9: Foundations of VPN Security: The IPsec Protocol Suite

    Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 9: Foundations of VPN Security: The IPsec Protocol Suite
    Jan 13 2026
    In this lesson, you’ll learn about:
    • The fundamentals of VPNs and IPsec
    • Key management and Security Associations (SA)
    • IPsec protocols: AH vs. ESP
    • Operational modes: Transport vs. Tunnel
    1. VPNs and IPsec Fundamentals
    • A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates a secure, logical tunnel over the public internet, allowing private communication without costly dedicated lines.
    • IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) operates at the network layer and supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
    • Security services provided by IPsec include:
      1. Access Control – Only authorized users can send/receive data
      2. Data Origin Authentication – Verify the source of the packet
      3. Integrity Protection – Ensure data hasn’t been tampered with
      4. Confidentiality – Encrypt the packet contents
      5. Anti-Replay – Detect and discard duplicated or malicious packets
    2. IPsec Framework and Key Management
    • Encryption algorithms: DES, 3DES, AES for confidentiality
    • Integrity algorithms: MD5, SHA to create digital signatures (MACs)
    • Key exchange: Diffie-Hellman ensures a shared secret is established securely
    3. Security Associations (SA) and IKE
    • An SA is a unidirectional logical connection, identified by:
      • SPI (Security Parameter Index)
      • Destination IP address
    • Bidirectional communication requires two SAs.
    • IKE (Internet Key Exchange) establishes SAs and manages keys:
      • IKE Phase 1: Creates a secure management tunnel (authenticates parties, negotiates algorithms, performs Diffie-Hellman exchange)
      • IKE Phase 2: Sets up the actual data tunnel (negotiates AH/ESP and operational mode)
    • IKEv2 is the modern version, supporting NAT traversal and keep-alive, and is widely used in 5G networks.
    4. IPsec Protocols: AH vs. ESPProtocolSecurity ProvidedNotesAH (Authentication Header)Integrity & authenticationDoes not encrypt; ignores changing IP header fields like TTLESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)Integrity, authentication, encryptionPreferred protocol for most VPNs and mandatory for 5G

    5. Operational Modes: Transport vs. Tunnel
    • Transport Mode: Only the payload is encrypted; original IP header is visible
    • Tunnel Mode: Entire original IP packet (header + payload) is encrypted inside a new IP packet
    • Most common setup: Tunnel Mode + ESP (encrypts everything and ensures privacy)
    Analogy:
    • Transport Mode: Transparent envelope with coded letter inside – address is visible, content protected
    • Tunnel Mode: Envelope inside an opaque crate – both content and sender/receiver are hidden


    You can listen and download our episodes for free on more than 10 different platforms:
    https://linktr.ee/cybercode_academy
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    13 m
  • Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 8: TLS/SSL Foundations: From Conceptual "Toy" Models to Actual

    Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 8: TLS/SSL Foundations: From Conceptual "Toy" Models to Actual
    Jan 12 2026
    In this lesson, you’ll learn about:
    • The purpose and security objectives of TLS/SSL
    • How a simplified "Toy TLS" model illustrates key concepts
    • How actual TLS works, including handshake, key derivation, and record protocols
    • The role of cipher suites and secure data transfer
    1. Core Security Services of TLS/SSL TLS (Transport Layer Security) is designed to protect communications over insecure networks. Its four main security services are:
    1. Authentication – Verify the identities of client and server using digital certificates.
    2. Encryption – Protect data from being read by unauthorized parties.
    3. Integrity Protection – Detect any changes or tampering of transmitted data.
    4. Replay Attack Prevention – Stop attackers from resending valid data to repeat actions (like fraudulent payments).
    2. Toy TLS: A Conceptual Model The "Toy TLS" model is a simplified way to understand TLS: Handshake & Key Derivation
    • Step 1: Client (Alice) and server (Bob) authenticate each other with certificates.
    • Step 2: They exchange a master secret and nonces (random numbers).
    • Step 3: From the master secret, four keys are derived:
      • Two for encryption (one per direction)
      • Two for MAC (Message Authentication Code) to verify integrity
    Secure Data Transfer
    • Data is divided into records (frames).
    • Each record includes:
      • Length header – defines boundaries between data and MAC
      • MAC – ensures integrity and prevents tampering
    Advanced Protections
    • Sequence numbers prevent reordering attacks.
    • Type field in MAC prevents truncation attacks, where an attacker might cut off messages prematurely.
    3. Actual TLS Implementation Cipher Suites
    • TLS uses cipher suites to define:
      • Public key algorithm (e.g., RSA)
      • Symmetric encryption algorithm (e.g., AES, RC4)
      • Hash algorithm for MAC (e.g., SHA-256)
    • Client proposes supported suites; server chooses the strongest mutually supported one.
    Four-Step Handshake
    1. Negotiate security capabilities
    2. Server authenticates itself to the client
    3. Optional client authentication
    4. Finalization – premaster secret and session keys are derived using exchanged random numbers
    Record Protocol
    • Ensures secure data transfer by:
      1. Fragmenting the message
      2. Compressing the data
      3. Appending a MAC
      4. Encrypting the record
      5. Adding a TLS header (content type, version, length) before sending over TCP
    Analogy
    • Handshake: Like a secure diplomatic meeting where participants check IDs, agree on a secret language, and synchronize watches.
    • Record Protocol: The actual conversation, where each sentence is translated, numbered, and sealed so the listener can verify order and integrity.


    You can listen and download our episodes for free on more than 10 different platforms:
    https://linktr.ee/cybercode_academy
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    14 m
  • Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 7: Understanding Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) for Secure Email

    Course 17 - Computer Network Security Protocols And Techniques | Episode 7: Understanding Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) for Secure Email
    Jan 11 2026
    In this lesson, you’ll learn about:
    • What PGP is and where it operates in the network stack
    • How PGP secures email confidentiality and authenticity
    • The three-part structure of a PGP-secured message
    • How session keys, public keys, and digital signatures work together
    • The cryptographic algorithms supported by PGP
    Introduction Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an application-layer security protocol designed to protect email communications. It combines symmetric encryption, public key cryptography, and digital signatures to ensure that messages remain confidential, authentic, and tamper-proof during transmission. How PGP Secures an Email PGP divides a protected email into three main components, each serving a specific security purpose. Part One: Session Key Protection
    • Contains the session key and the symmetric encryption algorithm used
    • The session key is a temporary, randomly generated key
    • This entire part is encrypted using the recipient’s public key
    • Ensures that only the intended recipient can recover the session key
    Part Two: Encrypted Content and Digital Signature
    • Contains the actual email message
    • The message is encrypted using the session key
    • Includes a digital signature created by:
      • Hashing the message to produce a digest
      • Encrypting the digest with the sender’s private key
    • Provides:
      • Integrity (message was not altered)
      • Authentication (message truly came from the sender)
      • Non-repudiation
    • Also specifies the hashing and encryption algorithms used
    Part Three: PGP Header
    • Contains protocol-related metadata
    • Helps the recipient’s PGP software correctly process the message
    Cryptographic Algorithms Supported by PGP PGP is flexible and supports multiple cryptographic standards:
    • Public Key Algorithms:
      • RSA
      • DSS
    • Hash Functions:
      • MD5
      • SHA-1
      • RIPEMD
    • Symmetric Encryption Algorithms:
      • AES
      • Triple DES (3DES)
    Key Takeaways
    • PGP operates at the application layer
    • Uses hybrid encryption for efficiency and security
    • Public keys protect the session key, not the message directly
    • Digital signatures ensure authenticity and integrity
    • Widely used for secure email communication


    You can listen and download our episodes for free on more than 10 different platforms:
    https://linktr.ee/cybercode_academy
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    11 m
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