Cognitive Load Theory, Working Memory and What Teachers Can Control

In this conversation, Jon and Dylan Wiliam delve into cognitive load theory, exploring its implications for teaching and learning. They discuss the distinction between biologically primary and secondary knowledge, the importance of understanding cognitive load in the classroom, and effective teaching strategies that can enhance student learning. Dylan emphasizes the need for teachers to be aware of their own cognitive load and how it affects their students, advocating for instructional methods that support all learners, particularly those with lower working memory capacity. The discussion highlights the scientific basis of cognitive load theory and its practical applications in education, encouraging teachers to adopt strategies that facilitate deeper learning and retention.

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Dylan Wiliam is Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment at University College London. After a first degree in mathematics and physics, and one year teaching in a private school, he taught in inner-city schools in London for seven years. In 1984 he joined Chelsea College, University of London, which later merged with King’s College London. From 1996 to 2001 he was the Dean of the School of Education at King’s, and from 2001 to 2003, Assistant Principal of the College. In 2003 he moved to the USA, as Senior Research Director at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, NJ. From 2006 to 2010 he was Deputy Director of the Institute of Education, University of London. Over the last 15 years, his academic work has focused on the use of assessment to support learning (sometimes called formative assessment). He now works with groups of teachers all over the world on developing formative assessment practices.