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Old LHIM Classes

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 Biblical education classes (BEC) by the team at Living Hope International Ministries (LHIM) are designed to provide you with comprehensible and comprehensive learning experience for books of the Bible, doctrines, and Christian living.© 2022 LHIM Ciencias Sociales Cristianismo Desarrollo Personal Espiritualidad Filosofía Ministerio y Evangelismo Éxito Personal
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  • 18: Helpful Tools to Understand the Bible

    18: Helpful Tools to Understand the Bible
    Mar 29 2024

    18 Helpful Tools to Understand the Bible – Notes Download

    Why do we need extra-biblical tools to help us understand the Bible?

    • Different geography
    • Different history
    • Different cultures (ancient Near Eastern, first-century Jewish, Greco-Roman)
    • Different economics
    • Different literacy rates
    • Different scientific and philosophical knowledge

    Bible Dictionaries

    • International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)
    • Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)
    • Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (2015)
    • The IVP Bible Dictionary Series
      • Dictionary of OT: Pentateuch (2002)
      • Dictionary of OT: Historical Books (2005)
      • Dictionary of OT: Wisdom, Poetry, & Writings (2008)
      • Dictionary of OT: Prophets (2012)
      • Dictionary of NT Background (2000)
      • Dictionary of Jesus & Gospels (2013)
      • Dictionary of Paul & Letters (2023)
      • Dictionary of the Later NT (1997)

    Commentaries

    • Fee & Stuart: “Jesus says, ‘…It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God.’ You will sometimes hear it said that there was a gate in Jerusalem known as the “Needle’s Eye,” which camels could go through only by kneeling, and with great difficulty. The point of this “interpretation” is that a camel could in fact go through the “Needle’s Eye.” The trouble with this “exegesis,” however, is that it is simply not true. There never was such a gate in Jerusalem at any time in its history. The earliest known “evidence” for this idea is found in the eleventh century(!) in a commentary by a Greek churchman named Theophylact, who had the same difficulty with the text that many later readers do. After all, it is impossible for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, and that was precisely Jesus’ point. It is impossible for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom. It takes a miracle for a rich person to get saved…”1
    • Zondervan Illustrated Bible Background Commentary (ZIBBC – 10 vols.)
    • New International Commentary (NICOT – 30 vols.; NICNT – 20 vols.)
    • New International Greek Testament Commentary (NIGTC – 12 vols.)
    • The New Testament for Everyone by N. T. Wright (18 vols.)

    Bible Project Videos

    • Book Overviews (OT – 39 videos; NT – 26 videos)
    • How to Read the Bible (19 videos)
    • Themes (41 videos)
    • Word Studies (21 videos)
    • Many more at com/explore/

    Software

    • Lots of translations
    • Original language resources
    • Cross-references
    • Outlines
    • Search tools
    • Accordance & Logos

    Search Tools

    • Artificial intelligence chat bots (openai.com)
    • Crowd sourced websites (info/topics)

    Review

    • Bible dictionaries and encyclopedias provide short articles on places, individuals, and topics in the Bible.
    • Older and free research tools sometimes contain inaccuracies that more recent scholarship has overturned or updated.
    • A good commentary tells you the options for interpreting a verse, reasons for each of those options, and a suggestion for which one makes the most sense.
    • The Bible Project’s book overview videos are really helpful to get a general understanding of a book of the Bible.
    • Bible software on PCs, tablets, and phones provide worldclass research tools to help you study scripture.
    • When searching for a phrase, a topic, or something specific, you can use a Bible app, openbible.info, or AI.
    1. Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2014). p. 29.
    The post 18: Helpful Tools to Understand the Bible first appeared on Living Hope.
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  • 17: How to Choose a Bible Translation

    17: How to Choose a Bible Translation
    Mar 27 2024
    17 How to Choose a Bible Translation – Notes Download Translation basics Fee & Stuart: “Your Bible, whatever translation you use, which is your beginning point, is in fact the end result of much scholarly work. Translators are regularly called upon to make choices regarding meanings, and their choices are going to affect how you”1“Every translation is a commentary” -Lee Brice The Bible is in three languages. Hebrew: Old Testament except the Aramaic part Nearly 99% of the OT (22,945 of 23,213 verses) Aramaic: half of Daniel and two passages in Ezra Daniel 2.4b-7.28; Ezra 4.8-6.18; 7.12-26About 1% of the OT (268 of 23,213 verses) Greek: New Testament (all 7,968 verses) How to begin learning Hebrew or Greek Immersion program in Israel or Greece Whole Word Institute offers a 9-month program. In-person college class (usually 2 semesters) Local colleges, RTS offers an 8-week summer program. In-person classes at a Jewish synagogue or Greek church or community centerOnline program with live instructor Biblical Language Center, Liberty University, etc. Digital program with pre-recordings Aleph with Beth (YouTube), Bill Mounce’s DVD course, etc. How to improve your existing knowledge of Hebrew or Greek Reading group in-person or online Read a portion each week together. Daily dose of Hebrew/Greek/Aramaic Daily YouTube videos of one verse each (email list) Read every day. Read the Bible; read devotionals; read comic books (Glossa House produces great resources) Watch modern Hebrew and Greek shows. Izzy is like Netflix for Israel/HebrewGreece has lots of channels streaming online. Translation process (1 Timothy 2:5 example) Greek New Testament (NA28) Εἷς γὰρ θεός, εἷς καὶ μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς Literal translation One for god, one and mediator of god and men, man Christ JesusFinished translation For (there is) one God, and (there is) one mediator between God and mankind, (the) man Christ Jesus. New Testament critical editions Nestle Aland 28th Edition (NA28) based on the Editio Critica Maior (ECM), which employs the coherence based genealogical method (CBGM)Tyndale House Greek New Testament (THGNT) prioritizes trusted physical manuscripts over the CBGM. Old Testament critical editions Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) and the partially completed Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ) print the Leningrad Codex in the main text, but include alternative readings in the footnotes.Hebrew Bible Critical Edition (HBCE) by Ronald Mendel is a project of the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) to develop a critical edition. Resources to see decisions about alternative readings NET Bible (accessible at org)New Testament Text and Commentary by Philip ComfortA Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament by Bruce Metzger Formal equivalence translation philosophy Fee & Strauss: “If the Greek or Hebrew text uses an infinitive, the English translation will use an infinitive. When the Greek or Hebrew has a prepositional phrase, so will the English…The goal of this translational theory is formal correspondence as much as possible.”2Ron Rhodes: “Formal equivalence translations can also be trusted not to mix too much commentary in with the text derived from the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. To clarify, while all translation entails some interpretation, formal equivalence translations keep to a minimum in intermingling interpretive additives into the text. As one scholar put it, ‘An essentially literal translation operates on the premise that a translator is a steward of what someone else has written, not an editor and exegete who needs to explain or correct what someone else has written.’”3 Dynamic equivalence translation philosophy Ron Rhodes: “Dynamic equivalence translations generally use shorter words, shorter sentences, and shorter paragraphs. They use easy vocabulary and use simple substitutes for theological and cultural terminology. They often convert culturally dependent figures of speech into easy, direct statements. They seek to avoid ambiguity as well as biblical jargon in favor of a natural English style. Translators concentrate on transferring meaning rather than mere words from one language to another.”4 Formal vs. dynamic comparison Formal Equivalence Dynamic EquivalenceFormal Correspondence Functional EquivalenceWord for Word Thought for ThoughtLiteral ReadableTransparent to Originals Replicates ExperienceTransfer Interpretation Interpretation Built InAccurate Easy to Understand Formal equivalence Bibles ESV: English Standard VersionNASB: New American Standard BibleLSB: Legacy Standard BibleNRSV: New Revised Standard VersionHCSB: Holman Christian Standard Bible Gender Accuracy5 “Man” used to mean “men and women”“Men” used to mean “men and women”“he” used to mean “he or she”Translations are changing with the changes in the English language so that female...
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  • 15: How to Read the General Epistles

    15: How to Read the General Epistles
    Mar 13 2024
    The General Epistles Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, JudeSome consider Hebrews to be Pauline, but even if Paul wrote it, it’s not to a church or a pastor, so it still fits as a general epistle2 John and 3 John are technical to specific individuals and thus not general epistles Hebrews Authorship Evidence for Paul Associated with Timothy and Rome (Heb 13:23-24)Pauline themes Evidence against Paul Non-Pauline themesAncient uncertainty (Origen, Eusebius, etc.)Non-standard openingNot an eyewitness (Heb 2:3) Daniel Wallace suggested Barnabas with help from Apollos. Audience As title indicates, the audience was Jewish.Persecuted (Heb 10:32-36) Occasion Became aware of some falling away from faith (Heb 3:6; 4:14; 6:4-6; 10:23, 26-27)Concern that they will return to Judaism Purpose Convince Jewish Christians to endure in the faith instead of falling away (presumably back into Judaism) Mode Show that Jesus is betterCh 1: Jesus as God’s promised Messiah is better than the angels who gave the Law.Ch 2: Jesus’ salvation is better b/c he is human.Ch 3: Jesus is better than Moses.Ch 7: Jesus’ priesthood is better than Aaron’s.Ch 8: Jesus’ covenant is better than the old covenant b/c it has better promises.Ch 9: Jesus’ heavenly priestly service is better than the priests serving at the temple on earth.Ch 10: Jesus’ sacrifice is better than animal sacrifices.Ch 11: The unshakable Mt. Zion covenant is better than the covenant at Mt. Sinai.Overall rhetorical effect to ask, “Why in the world would Christ-followers want to downgrade to Judaism after they’ve tasted something so much better?” 1 John Authorship No author in the document itself (1 John 1:1)Early Christians refer to this letter as written by John Irenaeus (a.d. 180) attributed the Gospel of John and 1 John to “John, the disciple of the Lord”1Later Christians agreed, including Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and the Muratorian CanonEusebius says, “But of John’s writings, in addition to the Gospel, the first of the letters is unambiguously accepted [as genuine] both by people today and by the ancients” (H.E. 3.24.17)2 Definitely the same John who wrote the Gospel of John (John the Apostle) Same vocabulary and writing style Audience Christians that John is worried about Occasion: concern over rogue Christians “They went out from us, but they did not belong to us” (1 John 2:19).They are trying to deceive the regular Christians (2:26; 3:7).Many false prophets have gone out (4:1).They are denying that Jesus is the Christ (2:22).They may have been teaching that sin is ok (3:7-10). Purpose Equip Christians to discern and resist false teachingsEncourage them to Live righteouslyBelieve correctly about JesusLove one another Mode Christology “Confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh” (4:2)“Testify that the Father has sent his son as the savior of the world” (4:14).“Confess that Jesus is the son of God” (4:15)“Believes that Jesus is the Christ” (5:1)“Believes that Jesus is the son of God” (5:5)“Believes in the son of God” (5:10)“Life is in his son” (5:11)“Believe in the name of the son of God” (5:13) Behavior (1 John 3:7-10) “It is unlikely that John has in mind absolute sinless perfection, since earlier he has denounced those who say they are without sin (1:8, 10). Rather, John has in mind the blatant sinning to which those who have left the community have fallen prey (2:19). In view of the letter as a whole, such sinning probably involves denial of Christ’s human nature (4:2-3; theological lapse), flaunting of God’s (or Christ’s) commands (2:4; ethical lapse), failure to love (4:20; relational lapse), or some combination of these grave errors.”3Many appeals to live righteously (1 John 1:.5-6; 2:1-6; 3:4-10, 23-24; 5:18)Live differently than the world (1 John 2:15-17; 3:1, 13; 4:4-6; 5:4-5, 19)Love your brother/sister in Christ (1 John 2:10-11; 3:11, 14-18; 4:7-12, 16-21; 5:1-3) Review General epistles are for Christians in general rather than a specific church or person.In order to understand the general epistles, it’s helpful to figure out authorship, audience, occasion, purpose, and mode.Authorship is explicit for James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, and Jude, but takes some work to figure out for Hebrews and 1-3 John.Hebrews was probably not written by Paul but by someone who spent time with him like Priscilla, Luke, Barnabas, or Apollos.Audience and occasion are often intertwined and determinable by gleaning bits of historical information from the epistles themselves. As you read, ask yourself, “Who was the original audience?” and “What was going on with them?”To discern the purpose, ask, “What is the author’s main goal in this epistle?”Mode is answering the question, “How does the author go about achieving his purpose?”Once you’ve figured out the author, audience, occasion, purpose, and mode, understanding the rest of ...
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