Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis can look slow and chronic on the surface, but on shelf questions it shows up with big consequences fast. If you do not recognize the clues behind ascites, varices, encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, this topic can absolutely trip you up.

In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down cirrhosis in a clear, high-yield way for the surgery shelf exam. They walk through the classic presentation, the pathophysiology behind portal hypertension and liver failure, and the major complications you need to know cold, including ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome.

You will learn how to approach diagnosis, when to perform paracentesis, how to interpret a high serum ascites albumin gradient, and why the spironolactone to furosemide ratio matters. They also cover screening for hepatocellular carcinoma, the role of lactulose, beta blockers, and T I P S, and when liver transplant becomes the definitive answer.

Perfect for medical students who want a structured, test-focused review that makes cirrhosis feel manageable, logical, and high yield. Keep studying and get ready to lock this one in.