Chewing & Spitting in Eating Disorders: Restriction, Sensory Overwhelm, & the Two Paths This Behavior Can Take

Chewing and spitting is an eating disorder behavior that often remains hidden due to intense shame and misunderstanding. Many people do not know how to talk about it, and many providers never ask. In this solo episode, Dr. Marianne Miller offers a clear, compassionate explanation of chewing and spitting in eating disorders, naming why this behavior develops and why it deserves nuanced care rather than judgment. This episode centers eating disorder recovery, ARFID, neurodivergent sensory experiences with food, and the nervous system roots of eating behaviors that are often moralized or overlooked.

Why Chewing and Spitting Is So Often Misunderstood

Chewing and spitting is frequently framed as a single behavior with a single cause. This narrow understanding creates harm. When providers assume chewing and spitting always reflects restriction or compensatory behavior, people with ARFID and sensory-based eating challenges are misdiagnosed or pressured into unsafe treatment. When providers minimize chewing and spitting in restrictive eating disorders, people lose access to support at moments of increasing distress. This episode explains why chewing and spitting must be understood through multiple pathways to ensure accurate diagnosis and ethical care.

Pathway One: Chewing and Spitting in Restrictive and Compensatory Eating Disorders

In restrictive or compensatory eating disorders, chewing and spitting often functions as a way to avoid swallowing food while still experiencing taste. It may emerge during periods of significant restriction, intense hunger, or fear of weight gain. Some people use chewing and spitting to interrupt binge urges or as a purge-adjacent behavior. In this pathway, the behavior reflects deprivation, internal conflict, and rising eating disorder severity. Shame, secrecy, and fear of judgment frequently follow, making it harder for individuals to seek support or speak openly about what they are experiencing.

Pathway Two: Chewing and Spitting in ARFID and Neurodivergent Sensory-Based Eating

Chewing and spitting can also emerge in ARFID and neurodivergent sensory-based eating for reasons entirely unrelated to weight or dieting. In this pathway, the behavior reflects sensory overwhelm, swallowing discomfort, texture sensitivity, interoceptive differences, or nervous system safety needs. Autistic and ADHD individuals may chew food to explore taste while spitting to avoid gagging, panic, or sensory overload. When this pathway is misunderstood as compensatory eating disorder behavior, people often feel pathologized rather than supported. This episode explains how sensory wiring, disability, and safety needs shape this experience.

Why Differentiating These Two Pathways Matters in Recovery

Accurately identifying the function of chewing and spitting is essential for healing. Restrictive and compensatory pathways require approaches that address deprivation, shame, trauma, and rigid food rules. Sensory-based pathways require approaches that build safety, honor autonomy, and work with the nervous system rather than against it. Dr. Marianne explains why a one-size-fits-all model fails and how differentiation creates clarity, trust, and more sustainable eating disorder recovery.

Intersectionality, Bias, and Systemic Harm

This episode also explores how anti-fat bias, racism, ableism, and medical bias shape who receives care and who gets believed. People in larger bodies often experience intense pressure to restrict, which can intensify chewing and spitting behaviors. People of color frequently face delayed or missed eating disorder diagnoses. Neurodivergent individuals are often misunderstood or dismissed when their eating challenges are sensory-based. Understanding chewing and spitting requires naming these systemic harms rather than blaming individuals.

A Compassionate Path Forward

Chewing and spitting is not a moral failure or a sign of weakness. It is a behavior rooted in nervous system responses, lived experience, and survival. This episode offers language, validation, and clarity for anyone who has struggled with chewing and spitting, supported someone who has, or wants a more nuanced understanding of eating disorders and ARFID. Healing begins with understanding, safety, and compassion.

About Dr. Marianne Miller

Dr. Marianne Miller is a licensed marriage and family therapist specializing in eating disorder recovery, ARFID, binge eating, and neurodivergent-affirming therapy. She offers therapy for individuals in California, Texas, and Washington D.C., and teaches the self-paced, virtual ARFID and Selective Eating Course.