The history of Christianity and Islam has a long and complex history spanning several centuries, from Christians living among Muslims in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam to the Crusades and on into the 21st century.

What does the future hold for Christian and Islamic relations?

On the next two episodes of the Profile, we will be talking with an expert in the fields of Christianity and Islam, Dr. Wafik Wahba about his new book Global Christianity and Islam - Exploring History Politics and Beliefs. Wafik will give us a comprehensive overview of how Christianity and Islam have engaged and clashed since Islam emerged in the 7th century A.D.

From Dr. Wahba's website at Tyndale University:

Dr. Wahba first came to Tyndale as adjunct professor of theology in 1998, having previously taught contextualized theology at the Evangelical Theological Seminary in Cairo, Egypt, as well as having pastored churches in Chicago and Toronto. Dr. Wahba has taught theology and intercultural studies in the United States, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America. Dr. Wahba is one of 31 contemporary reformed theologians who have contributed to The Future of Reformed Theology, edited by Willis, David & Welker, Michael, (Eerdmans, 1999). Dr. Wahba has also published in Zur Zunkunft Der Reformierten Theologie, (Neukirchener Verlag, 1998). He co-led the unit on Theological Education for Mission at the 2004 Forum of Lausanne Committee in Pattaya, Thailand and is one of the authors of “Effective Theological Education for World Evangelization” Lausanne Occasional Paper No. 57, (May 2005). Dr. Wahba serves on the Board of Directors for several international Christian organizations.

Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast:

• Watchman book: What the Qur'an Really Teaches about Jesus, by James Walker
• Watchman Fellowship's 4-page Profile on Islam by James Walker:www.watchman.org/Muslim
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Shi'a Islam by Dr. Mike Edens: www.watchman.org/Shia
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Ahmadiyya Islam by Eric Pement: www.watchman.org/Ahmadiyya
• Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on The Bahai Faith by Robert Pardon: www.watchman.org/Bahai
• Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook.

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

This week we continue our fascinating conversation with biochemist, intelligent design advocate, and author Dr. Michael Behe, looking back over three decades since he first published Darwin's Black Box in 1996. On this episode, we will discuss some of the challenges facing origin of life research.

From Michael's personal website:

Michael Behe is Professor of Biological Sciences at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and a Senior Fellow at Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978. Behe’s current research involves delineation of design and natural selection in protein structures.

In his career he has authored over 40 technical papers and two books, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution and The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism, which argue that living system at the molecular level are best explained as being the result of deliberate intelligent design. The books have been reviewed by the New York Times, Nature, Philosophy of Science, Christianity Today, and many other periodicals. Darwin’s Black Box has sold over 250,000 copies and was internationally reviewed in over one hundred publications. Both National Review and World magazine named it as one of the 100 most important books of the 20th century.

Behe has presented and debated his work at major universities throughout North America and England.

More about Darwin's Black Box

Audio Clips Featured in the Broadcast:
Paul Davies: https://youtu.be/q4LnWlOKQFA?si=92PafZrUWecexarM
Richard Dawkins: https://youtu.be/HJY5KKDrygI?si=kIyKZjIP26qsoGKB
Jerry Coyne: https://youtu.be/QOsNhQeUwk0?si=_BS67GjvyjItxeCV

Free Resources from Watchman Fellowship

Naturalism: https://www.watchman.org/Naturalism/ProfileNaturalism.pdf
Scientism: https://www.watchman.org/scientism/ProfileScientism.pdf
Panpsychism: https://www.watchman.org/files/ProfilePanpsychism.pdf
Postmodernism: https://www.watchman.org/files/ProfilePostmodernism.pdf
Atheism: https://www.watchman.org/profiles/pdf/atheismprofile.pdf

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free
PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook
SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

On the last two episodes of AP, we talked with Tricia Scribner about how theistic evolution impacts how we understand the God of the Bible.

On the next two episodes, we will be following up with a conversation with biochemist Dr. Michael Behe, author of his widely popular 1996 book Darwin's Black Box. We will delve into the challenges molecular design and structure within living cells poses to traditional Neo-Darwinian concepts of evolution by means of natural selection and discuss how Dr. Behe believes intelligent design is the better scientific hypothesis.

From Michael's personal website:

Michael Behe is Professor of Biological Sciences at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and a Senior Fellow at Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978. Behe’s current research involves delineation of design and natural selection in protein structures.

In his career he has authored over 40 technical papers and two books, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution and The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism, which argue that living system at the molecular level are best explained as being the result of deliberate intelligent design. The books have been reviewed by the New York Times, Nature, Philosophy of Science, Christianity Today, and many other periodicals. Darwin’s Black Box has sold over 250,000 copies and was internationally reviewed in over one hundred publications. Both National Review and World magazine named it as one of the 100 most important books of the 20th century.

Behe has presented and debated his work at major universities throughout North America and England.

More about Darwin's Black Box

Audio Clip of Kenneth Miller Featured in the Beginning:
https://youtu.be/c_qNaCff7JY?si=bjypBWctbLTvlucZ

Free Resources from Watchman Fellowship

Naturalism: https://www.watchman.org/Naturalism/ProfileNaturalism.pdf
Scientism: https://www.watchman.org/scientism/ProfileScientism.pdf
Panpsychism: https://www.watchman.org/files/ProfilePanpsychism.pdf
Atheism: https://www.watchman.org/profiles/pdf/atheismprofile.pdf

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free
PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook
SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

This week Profile we continue our conversation with former nurse, author, and Christian apologist Dr. Tricia Scribner about how theistic evolution impacts a traditional, orthodox understanding of God. Is evolution by means of natural selection compatible with Christianity or does combining Moses and Darwin create more problems than it may at first glance seem to solve?

Tricia Scribner's Website

Tricia is a former registered nurse. She holds an MA and PhD from Southern Evangelical seminary and is the author of seven books as well as a Nana to ten grandchildren. She is currently on staff with Mama Bear Apologetics.

Recommended Resources:
*Aquinas and Evolution by Michael Chabarek

*BioLogos website, biologos.com

*Darwin’s Black Box by Michael Behe

*Evolutionary Creation, I Love Jesus and I Accept Evolution by Denis Lamoureux

*God After Darwin, God After Einstein by John Haught

*Mapping the Origins Debate by Gerald Rau

*Saving Darwin: How to Be a Christian and Believe in Evolution by Karl Giberson

*Theistic Evolution by J.P. Moreland and Stephen Meyer, eds.

*Thomistic Evolution by Ku, Davenport, Brent, Austriaco

*Answering the Music Man: Dan Barker’s Arguments Against Christianity, eds. Keltz and Scribner.

*LifeGivers Apologetics: Women Designed and Equipped to Share Reasons for the Hope Within by Tricia Scribner Amazon carries the book and impactapologetics.com also carries the teacher and student study guides

Clip with Dr. Denis Noble featured in the beginning.
https://youtu.be/DT0TP_Ng4gA?si=LOm41vhCnyNdOCJb

Free Watchman Profiles
Scientism: https://www.watchman.org/scientism/ProfileScientism.pdf
Richard Dawkins: https://www.watchman.org/Dawkins.pdf

Additional Resources:
FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free
PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook
SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Jesus said to the Jews of His day that if they really believed in Moses they would believe in Him, but if they did not believe in Moses, He asked how they could really believe in His words (John 5:46-47).

Jesus said that Moses testified of Him. And foundational to Moses' testimony is the creation account of Genesis, including the creation of the first human beings, Adam and Eve. Can Moses then be compatible with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection? Many Christians who hold to "theistic evolution," a combination of evolutionary ideas and God as the Creator, believe Darwin is compatible with Moses.

This week and next on the Profile we speak with former nurse, author, and Christian apologist Dr. Tricia Scribner about how theistic evolution impacts a traditional, orthodox understanding of God.

Tricia Scribner's Website

Tricia is a former registered nurse. She holds an MA and PhD from Southern Evangelical seminary and is the author of seven books as well as a Nana to ten grandchildren. She is currently on staff with Mama Bear Apologetics.

Recommended Resources:
*Aquinas and Evolution by Michael Chabarek

*BioLogos website, biologos.com

*Darwin’s Black Box by Michael Behe

*Evolutionary Creation, I Love Jesus and I Accept Evolution by Denis Lamoureux

*God After Darwin, God After Einstein by John Haught

*Mapping the Origins Debate by Gerald Rau

*Saving Darwin: How to Be a Christian and Believe in Evolution by Karl Giberson

*Theistic Evolution by J.P. Moreland and Stephen Meyer, eds.

*Thomistic Evolution by Ku, Davenport, Brent, Austriaco

*Answering the Music Man: Dan Barker’s Arguments Against Christianity, eds. Keltz and Scribner.

*LifeGivers Apologetics: Women Designed and Equipped to Share Reasons for the Hope Within by Tricia Scribner Amazon carries the book and impactapologetics.com also carries the teacher and student study guides

Free Watchman Profiles
Scientism: https://www.watchman.org/scientism/ProfileScientism.pdf
Richard Dawkins: https://www.watchman.org/Dawkins.pdf

Additional Resources:
FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free
PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook
SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

How does philosophy inform modern physics? And how do physicists incorporate philosophy into their research?

On this episode, we dive into those questions with philosopher Dr. Timothy McGrew and astrophysicist Dr. Luke Barnes in order to help you fine tune your thinking about the fine tuning of the universe.

Critics of the fine-tuning argument will often invoke probabilities in order to get around the argument's deeper implication of the existence of God.

Tim and Luke will explore some of the issues in probability theory as it informs the physics of the fine-tuning argument.

Dr. Timothy McGrew

Timothy McGrew is Professor of Philosophy at Western Michigan University, where he has taught for the past 25 years. His research interests include formal epistemology, the history and philosophy of science, and the history and philosophy of religion. When he is not doing philosophy, he enjoys playing chess online, coaching at his local chess club, running trails, and making high quality paper airplanes. He lives in SW Michigan with his wife, Lydia McGrew, and their daughters.

Dr. Luke Barnes

Dr Luke A. Barnes is a Senior Lecturer in Physics at Western Sydney University. With a PhD in astronomy from the University of Cambridge, he has published papers in the field of galaxy formation and on the fine-tuning of the Universe for life. He is the coauthor with Prof. Geraint Lewis of A Fortunate Universe: Life in a Finely-Tuned Cosmos and The Cosmic Revolutionary's Handbook: (Or: How to Beat the Big Bang), published by Cambridge University Press.

Free Articles from Watchman Fellowship

• Profile on Naturalism: https://www.watchman.org/Naturalism/ProfileNaturalism.pdf
• Profile on Scientism: https://www.watchman.org/scientism/ProfileScientism.pdf
• Profile on Atheism: https://www.watchman.org/profiles/pdf/atheismprofile.pdf

Additional Resources

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free
PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook
SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give
Apologetics Profile is a podcast ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Again this week we talking with YouTuber Bradley Cooper who hosts the God Loves Mormons channel. Bradley sat down with Daniel Ray at the Utah Christian Research Center in Draper, Utah this past April during General Conference weekend for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bradley shares with us his experiences in his outreach to the LDS community as well as some of the challenges facing today's generation of LDS.

Here on part two we will dive into some of the significant differences between traditional Christian and Latter-day Saint doctrines of salvation.

Bradley's YouTube channel.
Utah Christian Research Center

Resources from Watchman Fellowship

• Watchman Fellowship Profile on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: www.watchman.org/Mormonism
• Apologetics Profile podcast What Is the Gospel? with Mormon apologist Scott Gordon and Christian apologist James Walker (YouTube): www.watchman.org/GordonWalker
• Apologetics Profile podcast list of all episodes about Latter-day Saints https://www.watchman.org/files/ldspod.htm
• Watchman Fellowship articles on Mormonism: watchman.org/LDS
• Watchman Fellowship Profile on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: watchman.org/Mormonism

Additional Resources:

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

This is our special 300th episode of Apologetics Profile!

We have been offering our podcast completely free, without subscription or advertising, for over 5 1/2 years. If you enjoy the broadcasts and would like to allow us to continue to offer the best conversations in Christian apologetics, and examining world religions and cults from a biblical perspective, support us online today at watchman.org/give.

This week and next we'll be talking with YouTuber Bradley Cooper who hosts the God Loves Mormons channel. Bradley sat down with Daniel Ray at the Utah Christian Research Center in Draper, Utah this past April during General Conference weekend for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bradley shares with us his experiences in his outreach to the LDS community as well as some of the challenges facing today's generation of LDS.

Bradley's YouTube channel.
Utah Christian Research Center

Resources from Watchman Fellowship

• Watchman Fellowship Profile on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: www.watchman.org/Mormonism
• Apologetics Profile podcast What Is the Gospel? with Mormon apologist Scott Gordon and Christian apologist James Walker (YouTube): www.watchman.org/GordonWalker
• Apologetics Profile podcast list of all episodes about Latter-day Saints https://www.watchman.org/files/ldspod.htm
• Watchman Fellowship articles on Mormonism: watchman.org/LDS
• Watchman Fellowship Profile on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: watchman.org/Mormonism

Additional Resources:

FREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free

PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/Notebook

SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/Give

Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © 2025 Watchman Fellowship, Inc.