Dr. Mary Daniels and Dr. Scott Cao join the show to discuss the literature surrounding opioid-free versus opioid-based anesthesia and analgesia techniques. Dr. Scott Cao is currently serving as a chief resident of the MGH anesthesia residency program. He is a graduate of the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Mary Daniels is a graduate of Harvard Medical School and she is a resident in the anesthesia program. Thanks for listening! If you enjoy our content, leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts and share our content with your colleagues. — Follow us on Instagram @DepthofAnesthesia and on Twitter (X) @DepthAnesthesia for podcast and literature updates. Email us at depthofanesthesia@gmail.com with episode ideas or if you'd like to join our team. Music by Stephen Campbell, MD. — References Shanthanna H, Beloeil H, Joshi GP. Opioid-free anesthesia in research and practice: so near yet so far! Can J Anaesth. 2024 Nov 5. English. doi: 10.1007/s12630-024-02830-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39500839. Brandal D, Keller MS, Lee C, Grogan T, Fujimoto Y, Gricourt Y, Yamada T, Rahman S, Hofer I, Kazanjian K, Sack J, Mahajan A, Lin A, Cannesson M. Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Opioid-Free Anesthesia on Opioid Prescriptions at Discharge From the Hospital: A Historical-Prospective Study. Anesth Analg. 2017 Nov;125(5):1784-1792. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002510. PMID: 29049123; PMCID: PMC7402216. Olausson A, Svensson CJ, Andréll P, Jildenstål P, Thörn SE, Wolf A. Total opioid-free general anaesthesia can improve postoperative outcomes after surgery, without evidence of adverse effects on patient safety and pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022 Feb;66(2):170-185. doi: 10.1111/aas.13994. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34724195. Zhang Y, Ma D, Lang B, Zang C, Sun Z, Ren S, Chen H. Effect of opioid-free anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 22;102(38):e35126. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035126. PMID: 37746991; PMCID: PMC10519493. Parra-Sanchez I, Abdallah R, You J, Fu AZ, Grady M, Cummings K 3rd, Apfel C, Sessler DI. A time-motion economic analysis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2012 Apr;59(4):366-75. doi: 10.1007/s12630-011-9660-x. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID: 22223185. Apfel, CC, Laara, E, Koivuranta, M, Greim, CA, Roewer, N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology 1999;91:693-700 Camilleri M, Lembo A, Katzka DA. Opioids in Gastroenterology: Treating Adverse Effects and Creating Therapeutic Benefits. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Sep;15(9):1338-1349. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.014. Epub 2017 May 19. PMID: 28529168; PMCID: PMC5565678. Jin S, Liang DD, Chen C, Zhang M, Wang J. Dexmedetomidine prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting on patients during general anesthesia: A PRISMA-compliant meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan;96(1):e5770. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005770. PMID: 28072722; PMCID: PMC5228682. Qi Y, Zhou M, Zheng W, Dong Y, Li W, Wang L, Xu H, Zhang M, Yang D, Wang L, Zhou H. Effect of S-Ketamine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024 Apr 16;18:1189-1198. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S449705. PMID: 38645990; PMCID: PMC11032156. Wang Q, Ding X, Huai D, Zhao W, Wang J, Xie C. Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion on Postoperative Early Recovery Quality in Upper Airway Surgery. Laryngoscope. 2021 Jan;131(1):E63-E69. doi: 10.1002/lary.28594. Epub 2020 Mar 2. PMID: 32119135. Bakan M, Umutoglu T, Topuz U, Uysal H, Bayram M, Kadioglu H, Salihoglu Z. Opioid-free total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, dexmedetomidine and lidocaine infusions for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2015 May-Jun;65(3):191-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 Jun 3. PMID: 25925031. Beloeil H, Garot M, Lebuffe G, Gerbaud A, Bila J, Cuvillon P, Dubout E, Oger S, Nadaud J, Becret A, Coullier N, Lecoeur S, Fayon J, Godet T, Mazerolles M, Atallah F, Sigaut S, Choinier PM, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A, Chanques G, Esvan M, Futier E, Laviolle B; POFA Study Group; SFAR Research Network. Balanced Opioid-free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine versus Balanced Anesthesia with Remifentanil for Major or Intermediate Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2021 Apr 1;134(4):541-551. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003725. PMID: 33630043. Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, Chung F, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Jin Z, Kovac AL, Meyer TA, Urman RD, Apfel CC, Ayad S, Beagley L, Candiotti K, Englesakis M, Hedrick TL, Kranke P, Lee S, Lipman D, Minkowitz HS, Morton J, Philip BK. Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative...