鸡也要打疫苗？鼻塞不是鼻涕太多？| 漫谈"流感"

今年的流感似乎比过去几年来的更加凶猛，身边不少朋友都纷纷“中招”——但是好像大家对流感还是存在着不小的疑问，我们这一期就来给大家盘点一下各种与流感相关的问题：流感和感冒、新冠、细菌感染有什么区别？为什么流感病毒每年都那么来势汹汹？我们的身体是怎么抵抗流感的？鼻塞是什么原因？禽流感与人流感有什么区别？流感疫苗到底有没有必要打？鸡鸭鹅也会打流感疫苗吗？希望这一期能给你解答，大部分关于流感的疑惑~ 时间点：0:01:27 流感与感冒症状的区别0:03:16 普通感冒其实也是病毒引起的0:03:57 气温骤降为什么容易感冒？0:08:53 新冠后流感疫苗的接种也在变化0:10:15 密闭空间下的病毒传播0:13:36 南北方差异下的病毒传播0:16:42 流感与新冠症状的差异0:18:47 流感与细菌感染症状的差异0:22:38 感冒发烧时常见的药物机制0:24:27 身体免疫系统如何应对流感病毒0:27:53 感冒鼻塞时常见的有效方法0:33:19 流感病毒类型的划分0:36:23 流感病毒“撬开”宿主细胞的过程0:39:31 特效药奥司他韦的原理0:40:17 流感疫苗研发小史0:44:25 禽流感与人流感的不同0:48:52 猪流感病毒又是从何而来？0:50:39 一个案例：鸟类体内病毒是如何快速演化的0:56:37 禽流感病毒在猫和狗身上的传播1:00:16 英文流感与中文感冒词语的来源1:06:10 中国过去二十年推广禽流感疫苗的努力1:13:07 流感疫苗接种呼吁以及哪些高危人群要优先接种1:19:06 未来的流感疫苗是什么样的 与免疫系统相关的动画《工作细胞》相关的推送：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MkpZwA4CAr1oi9dyJdN4IQ 涉及BGM：George Benson - Thunder Walk2005年禽流感时流行的网络歌曲《我不想说我是鸡》 参考资料：Eccles R. Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;5(11):718-25. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X. PMID: 16253889; PMCID: PMC7185637.Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. Annu Rev Virol. 2020 Sep 29;7(1):83-101. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32196426.Świerczyńska M, Mirowska-Guzel DM, Pindelska E. Antiviral Drugs in Influenza. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 4;19(5):3018. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19053018. PMID: 35270708; PMCID: PMC8910682.McLean HQ, Belongia EA. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: New Insights and Challenges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2021 Jun 1;11(6):a038315. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038315. PMID: 31988202; PMCID: PMC8168527. Eccles R. Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006 Aug;31(4):309-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00754.x. PMID: 16882099.流感病毒综述：Influenza Pathogenesis and Control-Volume I[R]. Springer International Publishing, 2014.Wang J. Overview of Influenza[J]. Radiology of Influenza: A Practical Approach, 2016: 3-4.流感病毒表面蛋白：Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Matrosovich M, et al. The hemagglutinin: a determinant of pathogenicity[J]. Influenza Pathogenesis and Control-Volume I, 2014: 3-34.Russell C J, Hu M, Okda F A. Influenza hemagglutinin protein stability, activation, and pandemic risk[J]. Trends in microbiology, 2018, 26(10): 841-853.流感的进化Nelson M I, Holmes E C. The evolution of epidemic influenza[J]. Nature reviews genetics, 2007, 8(3): 196-205.Bi Y, Yang J, Wang L, et al. Ecology and evolution of avian influenza viruses[J]. Current Biology, 2024, 34(15): R716-R721.猫和狗中的流感传播：Harder T C, Vahlenkamp T W. Influenza virus infections in dogs and cats[J]. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2010, 134(1-2): 54-60.Kuiken T, Rimmelzwaan G, van Riel D, et al. Avian H5N1 influenza in cats[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5694): 241-241.流感传播：Killingley B, Nguyen‐Van‐Tam J. Routes of influenza transmission[J]. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013, 7: 42-51.流感疫苗：中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南（2023-2024） https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)Wong S S, Webby R J. Traditional and new influenza vaccines[J]. Clinical microbiology reviews, 2013, 26(3): 476-492.Lim C M L, Komarasamy T V, Adnan N A A B, et al. Recent advances, approaches and challenges in the development of universal influenza vaccines[J]. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses,https://laskerfoundation.org/the-spanish-1918-flu-and-the-current-covid-19-pandemic/.science.org/content/article/bird-shots-vaccinating-poultry-best-defense-deadly-bird-fluShi J, Zeng X, Cui P, et al. Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies[J]. Emerging microbes & infections, 2023, 12(1): 2155072.流感偏门知识：https://laskerfoundation.org/the-spanish-1918-...