Eutrophication

Increasing nutrient loading from agro-fertilizer effluents, industrial effluents, municipal and domestic effluents including black water contamination and urban runoff accelerates the eutrophication in many parts of the world, many developing countries discharges grey water directly to the coastal water which increases the coastal eutrophication. According to Dr.Robert Diaz (VIMS and WRI) there are 762 coastal areas affected by eutrophication and/or hypoxia, algal blooms are removed by methods such as magnetic separation (Acid modified fly ash and magnetite (Fe3O4)), using beach sand or silica sand added with chitosan and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) or Clay, soil modified with xanthan and calcium hydroxide as coagulant. Eutrophication can be permanently avoided by treating the effluents for nutrients before discharge, wetlands and infiltration systems such as sand filters facilitates excellent means for nutrient reduction.