Equation for an Expanding Universe

2GHM= c cubed

De: Oreste Lombardi

Narrado por: Virtual Voice

The universe is expanding. My adventure began when I asked: How much time does it take for the volume of the universe to double? To do that, I needed an accurate value for the Hubble constant. I soon found that there were many values determined by many methods. Faced with that array of values, I assumed, based on the Max Planck collaboration's 2020 report, that the age of the universe since the Big Bang is 13.80 billion years. From that, I got a Hubble value of 70.85 Kilometers per second per megaparsec. Solving the Hubble equation for the doubling time opened a new perspective on the universe, planet Earth, and its inhabitants.
From that, my 'want to know' expanded to the Big Bang, and I discovered that the Big Bang is a periodic event with a frequency and period defined by the Hubble constant. The periodic big bangs are required to keep the universe running; otherwise, it would die of old age. Accordingly, I propose renaming the Big Bang the Hot Renewal, because it makes all things new as it recharges the universe with new material for star formation.
I find the evidence for the Big Bang to be irrefutable. Thus, I am a true believer and wanted to know what set off the Big Bang. That question took me to the time before the Big Bang and a search for the ultimate beginning. All things must begin somewhere, so I thought. I searched for that somewhere, and it was nowhere to be found. This brought me to a fundamental conundrum. The conundrum is that to begin when there is nothing before requires an ex-nihilo (out of nothing) act of magic. That is the only way to go from nothing to something. ACT OF MAGIC. The laws of physics do not permit this, and I hear Emmy Noether shouting, “HELL NO.” The laws of physics can not have a beginning without an act of magic, which is forbidden by those same laws. My answer to this should set off some critical thinking.
In chapter 9, self-aware intellects are explored as active components of the universe. I examined them for an ultimate beginning and ran into the aforementioned conundrum.
My story line begins with the adventure of Edwin Hubble and his nighttime assistant, Milton Humason at Mount Wilson Observatory to the north of Altadena (on the north of Pasadena, California, USA). I was privileged to spend part of my childhood years in Altadena, where proximity to Caltech stimulated my interests in science with their evening science lectures.