The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

The Old Man and the Sea tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who has gone 84 days without catching a fish. Considered unlucky by the villagers, he sets out alone into the deep waters of the Gulf Stream to prove his skill and break his streak of misfortune.

There, Santiago hooks the greatest fish of his life—a massive marlin. Unable to reel it in, he enters a grueling, days-long battle of endurance. His hands bleed, his body weakens, yet he holds the line, respecting the marlin as a worthy and noble opponent. For Santiago, the struggle is not merely about catching a fish—it is a test of dignity, courage, and the will to endure.

After an exhausting fight, he finally kills the marlin, but victory is short-lived. Sharks, drawn by the marlin's blood, attack relentlessly. Santiago fights them off with everything he has, but by the time he returns home, the marlin has been reduced to a skeleton.

Though he returns with nothing material, the villagers recognize the greatness of his catch from the enormous bones. His young apprentice, Manolin, vows to fish with him again, seeing the old man not as defeated, but as heroic.

The novel explores themes of courage, perseverance, pride, aging, and the quiet heroism of struggle. Santiago embodies Hemingway's belief that "a man can be destroyed but not defeated," showing that true victory lies not in the result, but in the strength and dignity with which one faces life's challenges.